中国糖尿病教育者的重任

糖尿病教育是一种治疗性的干预措施,也是一项有计划的教育课程,糖尿病教育者是糖尿病管理队伍中的一个整合部分,一名专业糖尿病教育工作者对于促进糖尿病医疗护理、实践及服务等方面都将起到很大的贡献,其中,糖尿病专科护士扮演着重要角色.要促进我国糖尿病教育的快速发展,急需一支专业化的糖尿病教育者队伍来发挥主力军的作用.     

临床诊断中"熟知当真知"心理探析

从理论与实践的结合上,批判了"熟知当真知"的习惯思维定势,这种定势表现在临床诊断中,为第一印象所迷惑,以强掩弱,以偏盖全,只触及事物外表,不能触及事物本质,求全责备只有克服了这些方面,才能把"真知"成了"熟知".     

自杀大学生生活事件的心理解剖研究

该研究采用心理解剖方法对39例自杀大学生的生活事件进行分析.结果发现:自杀大学生在自杀前经历了较多且较为强烈的负性生活事件；导致大学生自杀的生活事件多元化但又相对集中；大多数自杀行为在生活事件发生后3个月内实施.因此,负性生活事件可作为大学生自杀预警的重要指标.     

Community identity as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and altruistic behaviour in Chinese residents

Socioeconomic status is related to altruistic behaviour, but the link between them remains controversial. The present study explored the link between socioeconomic status and altruistic behaviour, as well as the psychological mechanism between them. We recruited 1,052 residents from 34 provinces in China to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and altruistic behaviour and the mediating mechanism. Results showed that objective socioeconomic status was positively related to altruistic behaviour. Subjective socioeconomic status was positively associated with community identity and altruistic behaviour. Community identity mediated the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and altruistic behaviour. The findings suggest that enhancing individuals' community identity or subjective status perception can effectively increase their altruistic behaviour.     

自闭症谱系障碍个体的共情干预：扬长还是补短?

自闭症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders, ASD)个体的共情能力缺陷可能导致了他们的社会交往障碍, 因此有必要对ASD个体的共情能力进行干预。有研究者主张应该对ASD个体的共情缺陷进行直接干预, 由此衍生了共情“补短”法, 主要包括心理理论的干预、观点采择的干预、面部表情认知的干预等几种方法。另有一些研究者认为虽然ASD个体存在共情缺陷, 但他们同时也具备系统化能力优势, 应该通过ASD个体的优势能力来改善其共情能力, 由此衍生了共情“扬长”法, 主要包括乐高治疗、严肃游戏干预、基于系统化理论的孤岛能力辅助干预等几种方法。每种方法都存在优点和不足。最后就目前ASD个体共情干预领域存在的问题进行了反思与展望。     

经颅直流电刺激右侧颞顶联合区对道德意图加工的影响*

对行为意图的理解是人类进行道德判断的重要依据,大量研究表明,右侧颞顶联合区是意图加工的关键脑区。为考察该脑区在道德判断中的重要作用,采用经颅直流电刺激技术阳极刺激右侧颞顶联合区,探讨促进该脑区的活动对被试在道德判断中意图及相关信息加工的影响。结果发现与假刺激条件相比,阳极刺激后道德判断反应时显著延长,在伤人未遂和意外伤人条件下差异显著,证明促进右侧颞顶联合区的激活能影响道德判断中的意图加工,尤其在意图与结果产生冲突的条件下效应更加显著。     

Instrument Development With Web Surveys and Multiple Imputations

This article outlines the development of a tool to assess psychosocial needs in U.S. Air Force (USAF) units. Instrument development began with the construction of an item taxonomy, pretesting procedures (Q-sort; cognitive interviews), and a pilot web survey to document internal consistency and test-retest reliability, followed by two large-scale Web surveys to derive a viable factor structure. Because certain items (e.g., child care) were not relevant to all respondents, multiple imputations to replace missing values were necessary before factor analyses could proceed. Exploratory factor analyses of data from the first Web survey revealed an eight-factor solution; and data from the second Web survey confirmed that the eight-factor solution could be replicated on an independent sample. Developed in accordance with psychometric principles, the final assessment tool tapped a range of psychosocial factors spanning quality of work life, community life, family functioning, and personal well-being.     

清华简《程寤》主旨试探

《程寤》中太姒所梦的内涵引起许多学者的关注,从而展开了很多有价值的探索。本文结合学术界的现有成果,辅以个人的认识,对此梦的含义做了进一步的论述,认为梓与太子发密切相关,代表周;松、柏、械、柞指周的贤臣。太子发在梦中的作用十分重要,此梦的象征意义乃是太子发将会率周的贤臣占领商都,推翻商朝。     

核辐射对消化系统损害的防治策略

消化系统中多个器官具有细胞代谢快、易受核射线损伤的特点,成为骨髓以外最容易遭受核辐射破坏的身体部位.日本核电站的泄露事故,使核辐射再度成为世界的焦点.随着人们对电离辐射认识的增加,核辐射对消化系统的损害也逐渐受到重视.本文通过对消化系统的损害机制的研究,论述了核辐射对消化系统的损害的防护和治疗策略.