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怀旧指的是个体怀念过去的事物、人物、地方甚至经历或感受。它大多与美好的记忆联系在一起, 并会带来积极的情绪体验, 但同时可能也会引起消极的情绪体验。怀旧对维持个体身心健康有一定的积极效用。本文着重介绍了怀旧的触发因素包括客观刺激的视觉、嗅觉、听觉及主观刺激的消极情绪与低温知觉, 分析了其研究范式有质化研究(内容分析与扎根理论)、量化研究(问卷调查与经验取样法)和实验研究(单因素随机实验设计与多因素实验设计), 并介绍了其相关的测量工具。未来研究要加强主动怀旧与被动怀旧、积极怀旧与消极怀旧的探讨; 整合各种研究范式与强化纵向的追踪研究; 以及要区分特质型怀旧与状态型怀旧。 相似文献
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利用三个实验探讨了左右、前后(实验1,2)具身化空间四卡问题解决的内容效应,同时探讨了条件推理后件类型(二分变量与连续性变量)对具身化内容效应的影响(实验3)。结果发现:(1)三个实验均表现出在自我参照空间四卡问题解决中,肯定前件和否定后件同时被选择的比率(P-Q)显著高于在经典四卡问题或环境参照空间四卡问题中P-Q卡被选择的比率,从而表现出四卡问题解决存在具身化内容效应;(2)具身化内容效应仅限于后件类型是二分变量的四卡问题;(3)在三个实验中被试均表现出"证真偏向"。具身化空间四卡问题解决的内容效应支持了条件推理领域特异性理论。 相似文献
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Xiaoli Zong Sonia Ingoglia Alida Lo Coco Jo-Pei Tan Cristiano Inguglia Francesca Liga Charissa S. L. Cheah 《International journal of psychology》2023,58(1):42-51
Filial piety is a Confucian concept that guides how children treat and take care of their parents. The Filial Behaviour Scale (FBS) is a 25-item instrument developed in the Chinese context measuring behavioural manifestations of filial piety. Although the components of filial piety have been found to be relevant across cultures, little research has investigated the psychometric properties of the FBS in other cultural contexts. The present study evaluated the factor structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance and construct validity of the FBS across three cultural groups: the United States, Italy and Malaysia. Participants were 1090 emerging adults (67% females; Mage = 21.29 years, SD = 1.97; White Americans: n = 455, White Italians: n = 428, Malays: n = 328). A two-factor structure emerged across groups: Obedience/Obligation (behaviours showing obedience and obligation towards parents) and Relationship (behaviours expressing affection and promoting positive parent–child relationships). The two factors demonstrated adequate internal consistency, full configural, partial metric and partial scalar invariance, as well as unique associations with depressive symptoms and parent–child relationships across groups. These findings yielded a more nuanced understanding of filial behaviour and supported the utility of a two-factor FBS among emerging adults in various cultural contexts. 相似文献
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两个实验分别操纵四卡问题中四类卡片(P、-P、Q、-Q)的数量或Q卡与-Q卡之间的比率,以探讨四类卡片的数量关系对经典四卡问题解决的影响,从而间接推断被试解决经典四卡问题时所采用的策略。实验一等比率地增加P卡、-P卡、Q卡、-Q卡的数量,结果发现,等比率地增加P卡、-P卡、Q卡、-Q卡的数量,使得P卡和Q卡被选择的比率减小,而-P卡和-Q卡被选择的比率不存在显著变化。实验二按不同比率操纵Q卡和-Q卡的数量,结果发现,当Q卡和-Q卡出现的比率不同时,Q卡数目越多,Q卡被选择的平均比率越小,但没有影响到P、-P卡和-Q卡被选择的比率。这些结果表明被试解决经典四卡问题时采用了"匹配偏向"策略。 相似文献
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参与和推动草根社会运动,是宗教组织影响国家政治的重要途径,在东欧剧变过程中,各种宗教组织积极推进的社会政治运动是造成社会主义政权更迭不可忽视的因素。本文以冷战时期,民主德国新教路德宗教会主导的独立和平运动为例,分析教会如何对国家的社会政治议程产生影响。笔者认为,前东德教会在独立和平运动中角色和立场的转变,以及它对民主德国政治安全造成的挑战,并非单向的威胁,而是政教双方,以及社会环境共同造成的压力下的结果。 相似文献
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目的了解自我监控对大学生社会回避和苦恼的影响。方法对282名大学生施测了自我监控量表和社会回避与苦恼量表,根据自我监控量表分,把被试分为四组。结果高自我监控大学生组的社交回避及苦恼得分显著低于其他三组。结论自我监控对大学生社会回避与苦恼有显著影响。 相似文献
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Self‐affirmation has been shown to reduce biased processing of threatening health messages. In this study, the impact of self‐affirmation on college smokers' reactions to gain‐ versus loss‐framed antismoking public service announcements (PSAs) was examined. A consistent pattern of interaction was observed wherein self‐affirmation produced more favorable responses to loss‐framed PSAs and more unfavorable responses to gain‐framed PSAs. Self‐affirmation also reduced smoking intention in the loss frame condition and increased antismoking self‐efficacy across framing conditions. These findings are discussed in light of previous research linking self‐affirmation to increased message scrutiny. 相似文献