从《存在与时间》到《哲学论稿》:海德格尔前后期思想关系疏解

<哲学论稿>是海德格尔在30年代的重要手稿,与晚期思想关系密切.如何解说<哲学论稿>与前期代表作<存在与时间>的关系,成为疏通海德格尔前后期思想联系的关键.这个疏通工作把Befragtes的问题作为引导性问题,以之为追问的线索,考察了两个问题:一、以此在为Befragtes如何决定了<存在与时间>必须以此在的生存现象学描述为主体内容;而直接"从Ereignis而来"如何决定了<从Ereignis而来>向哲学的投稿贡献是Ereignis的自行发生成文?二、是否借助一个Befragtes或以什么存在者为Befragtes在多大程度上决定了思想成文时的结构?     

Orthographic neighborhood size effect in Chinese character naming: orthographic and phonological activations

The present study examined the effects of orthographic neighborhood (N) size on the cognitive processes underlying Chinese character reading. Previous research has shown increasing N size facilitates word naming and recognition performance in alphabetic languages. Experiment 1 revealed that a large N size was associated with a general inhibition of processes underlying character reading, in contrast to previous findings with alphabetic languages. This inhibitory effect was influenced by regularity and consistency. Experiment 2 sought to assess the effects of higher-frequency neighbors on character naming performance. The results revealed that higher-frequency neighbors with different pronunciation to the target interfered with the phonological retrieval of targets. We propose that this type of interference may have caused the N size effect observed in Experiment 1. The results of Experiment 3 revealed that a large N size facilitated target naming in the absence of higher-frequency neighbors. The current results shed light on the processes underlying character naming, and we propose possible cognitive mechanisms of the N size effect on Chinese character naming.     

干细胞技术与肝硬化:共性与个性的新实践

干细胞横向分化(transdifferentiation)的能力,在肝脏再生过程中发挥作用,随着对干细胞的深入研究,干细胞技术为终末期肝病的治疗提供了新思路.本文对干细胞加以分类并综述了各种干细胞研究进展,对干细胞在肝脏疾病细胞治疗上的应用及前景作了总结和展望.     

积极情景线索对内隐攻击性的影响

通过向被试呈现代表积极情景线索的材料(一段含有互助、和谐信息的公益短片),运用内隐联想测验(IAT)范式,从内隐社会认知的角度来研究积极情境线索对个体内隐攻击性的影响,并分析这种影响是否具有性别差异。结果表明:未观看积极情景线索材料的被试表现出显著的内隐攻击性,而观看积极情景线索材料的被试的内隐攻击性不显著;积极情景线索的主效应显著,且这一效应不存在性别差异。这说明,积极情景线索能有效抑制个体的内隐攻击性,并支持自我攻击信念IAT是测量个体内隐攻击性的有效工具。     

Piloting the Geographic Information System (GIS) Methodology as an Analytic Tool for Subjective Wellbeing Research

This article introduces the Geographic Information System (GIS) methodology to Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) research. The interactive mapping and analysis tools of GIS are combined with SWB to demonstrate an alternative method of data analysis and presentation encompassing spatial context. The SWB of the Victorian population was measured using a representative state wide telephone survey conducted for the wider Community Indicators Victoria project. GIS methodology is used for the presentation and analysis of population SWB collected from 24,000 Victorians and mapped according to 79 Local Government Areas. The advantages of the alternative method of data presentation are discussed and the wellbeing of the state considered within geographical context. Future applications for the use of GIS and SWB are discussed, including diagnostic and outcome measures for government policy and planning.     

工作记忆对时间加工的影响

非时间信息加工与时间加工的关系是复杂的, 存在双向干扰或单向干扰, 结果的不一致与任务所需的注意资源及工作记忆都有关。工作记忆的中央执行系统在时间加工中起主要作用, 同时进行的非时间任务对中央执行功能的需求越多, 两种任务之间的干扰程度越大。语言环和视空间模板对时间加工的影响与非时间信息的类型有关。工作记忆作为一个整体以工作记忆容量为指标, 计时成绩也表现出与工作记忆容量有关的年龄、智力等方面的差异。时间加工和工作记忆在额叶、顶叶、基底神经节等皮质存在共同的神经机制。未来应该丰富工作记忆的研究内容, 结合时间加工的分段性探讨工作记忆影响时间加工的具体进程及神经机制, 并力求在应用方面取得一定的成果。     

非语言情境中时间加工与空间距离加工的关系

时间加工与空间距离加工的关系主要有两种, 一种是在空距离–空时距以及动物的研究中, 时间加工影响空间距离加工, 空间距离加工影响时间加工, 两者相互影响, 存在对称的干扰, 这种关系与注意和记忆有关。另一种是在实距离–实时距中, 空间距离加工影响时间加工, 而时间加工不受空间距离加工的影响, 时间加工和空间距离加工之间具有不对称的干扰。时空关系的不对称与隐喻理论、人们的感知运动经验和时空信息的显著性有关。神经机制上, 右顶叶皮质、侧顶内区、左顶叶皮质、小脑、前额等参与时间加工和空间距离加工, 但两种加工涉及到的神经机制也有部分差异。未来可以从时间加工的分段性、不同条件下时间加工和空间距离加工的心理机制以及脑机制进行研究。     

德里达眼中的马克思与施蒂纳

2004年初,中国社会科学院哲学所成立了“国外马克思主义读书班”。读书班主要采取中英文对照、逐字逐句研讨的方式研读国外马克思主义原著,探讨国外马克思主义的一些理论难点。德里达的《马克思的幽灵们》是其中选取的必读原著之一。经过近一年左右的学习和研究,读书班成员分别从各自视角对该书进行了探讨。这里发表的一组文章就是他们的学习心得。欢迎大家以此为契机,共同推动国外马克思主义研究的深入,推进国内马克思主义理论研究的发展和创新。     

Asian Risk Seeking and Overconfidence1

Weber & Hsee (1998) proposed the “cushion effect” as an explanation of the higher risk taking observed in some East Asian samples, relative to Western samples. Yates, Lee, & Shinotsuka (1992 ) proposed that the overconfidence observed in most Asian countries, relative to Western countries, reflects differences in the number of arguments typically recruited in those countries. This study examined the 2 seemingly separated domains of research: risk taking and overconfidence. It compared individual and collective (both family and group) decisions among Chinese in Singapore. This permitted tests of both the cushion and the argument recruitment hypotheses. The overall results obtained no support for the cushion effect and partial support for the argument recruitment hypotheses.     

婴儿面孔偏好理论模型述评

在婴儿早期的视觉经验中,面孔是最特殊的一类刺激,小婴儿从出生开始就喜欢看面孔,这种现象称为面孔偏好。面孔偏好的发展反映了婴儿知觉能力的发展规律,具有重要的社会化意义。该文系统介绍了线性系统模型、右脑优势模型、CONSPEC理论、视觉模块理论和非特异化识别理论5种最主要的婴儿面孔偏好理论,并对这些理论的区别和联系进行了探讨。最后,对面孔偏好研究的新趋势和未来方向进行了评价和展望