心理学本土化的后现代反思

心理学本土化目前在我国的发展面临很多困惑,究其原因,主要在于现代心理学的科学主义倾向明显,导致很多研究者在对心理学学科性质、研究方法、研究对象等根本问题上存在严重的认识偏颇。要解决心理学本土化过程中的困惑,需要重新对心理学的学科性质、研究方法、研究对象等基本问题进行反思。后现代主义心理学在一定程度上能够给予本土心理学研究者以思考,帮助其重拾学术自信,促进研究者在未来的心理学本土化研究中更好的开展相关的工作,进而产生更多的学术创新。     

High-Risk Palliative Care Patients’ Knowledge and Attitudes about Hereditary Cancer Testing and DNA Banking

Even at the end of life, testing cancer patients for inherited susceptibility may provide life-saving information to their relatives. Prior research suggests palliative care inpatients have suboptimal understanding of genetic importance, and testing may be underutilized in this clinical setting. These conclusions are based on limited research. This study aimed to estimate genetic testing prevalence among high-risk palliative care patients in a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. We also aimed to understand these patients’ understanding of, and attitudes toward, hereditary cancer testing and DNA banking. Palliative care in-patients with cancer completed structured interviews, and their medical records were reviewed. Among patients at high risk for hereditary cancer, we assessed history of genetic testing/DNA banking; and related knowledge and attitudes. Among 24 high-risk patients, 14 (58.3%) said they/their relatives had genetic testing or they had been referred for a genetics consultation. Of the remaining 10 patients, seven (70%) said they would “probably” or “definitely” get tested. Patients who had not had testing were least concerned about the impact of future testing on their family relationships; two (20%) said they were “extremely concerned” about privacy related to genetic testing. Of patients without prior testing, five (50%) said they had heard or read “a fair amount” about genetic testing. No high-risk patients had banked DNA. Overall, 23 (95.8%) said they had heard or read “almost nothing” or “relatively little” about DNA banking. Written materials and clinician discussion were most preferred ways to learn about genetic testing and DNA banking. Overall, this study demonstrates underutilization of genetics services at the end of life continues to be problematic, despite high patient interest.     

Learning Large Q-Matrix by Restricted Boltzmann Machines

Psychometrika - Estimation of the large Q-matrix in cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) with many items and latent attributes from observational data has been a huge challenge due to its high...     

A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Negative Translations in Intuitionistic Tense Logics

Studia Logica - A cut-free Gentzen sequent calculus for Ewald’s intuitionistic tense logic $$\mathsf {IK}_t$$ is established. By the proof-theoretic method, we prove that, for every set of...     

Behavioral and Emotional Functioning of Children and Adolescents at the End of Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Compared to Healthy Peers

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - This study describes the behavioral and emotional adjustment of 77 children and adolescents 3 months post-treatment for acute lymphoblastic...     

用于处理不努力作答的标准化残差系列方法和混合多层模型法的比较

文章采用模拟研究, 分别在混合多层模型假设满足和违背的情境下, 比较了混合多层模型方法与标准化残差系列方法在识别不努力作答和参数估计方面的表现。结果显示：(1)不存在不努力作答或其严重性低时, 各方法表现接近; (2)不努力作答严重性高时, 固定参数迭代标准化残差法普遍更优, 混合多层模型法仅在假设满足且两种作答反应时差异大的条件下表现较好。建议实际应用中优先选择固定参数迭代标准化残差法。     

Environmental Correlates of Adolescent’ Materialism: Interpersonal Role Models,Media Exposure,and Family Socio-economic Status

Journal of Child and Family Studies - The present study examined how adolescents’ materialism relates to interpersonal materialism role models (i.e., mothers’, fathers’,...     

童年期不良经历对中学生良心的影响：特质自我控制和自我损耗的链式中介作用

为探讨童年期不良经历对中学生良心的影响及作用机制,基于生物生态学理论和自我控制资源模型,采用整群取样法抽取湖南省7所城市7所中学初一到高三学生共3648名,使用童年期不良经历问卷、青少年良心问卷、特质自我控制量表和自我调节疲劳量表进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)童年期不良经历负向预测中学生良心;(2)特质自我控制和自我损耗在童年期不良经历和中学生良心间起部分中介作用;(3)特质自我控制和自我损耗在童年期不良经历和中学生良心间起链式中介作用。研究结果表明,童年期不良经历不仅是影响中学生良心的重要外部因素,而且还会通过影响特质自我控制和经由自我损耗对中学生良心产生间接作用;减少和避免童年期不良经历对中学生心理的冲击,提升其特质自我控制水平,降低其自我损耗,是预防中学生良心失守和提升良心水平的重要途径。     

Scan the QR Code of Happiness: Can Mobile Payment Adoption Make People Happier?

This research note investigates the association between mobile payment adoption and happiness. We employ the conditional mixed process model to address the selection bias and estimate the open-access 2017 Chinese General Social Survey data. Our findings reveal that mobile payment adoption significantly improves rural residents’ happiness but does not significantly influence urban residents’ happiness. Exploring gendered differences finds that regardless of urban or rural residence, females are happier than males when adopting mobile payment. Our findings suggest that promoting mobile payment adoption could bring favourable well-being returns.

     

飞行员情境认知的模糊综合评判

借用环境科学中环境质量评价的概念和方法,建立了飞行员情境认知的多级模糊综合评判模型,并用该模型对飞行员的情境认知进行了综合评判。研究表明,用模糊综合评判方法评价飞行员的情境认知可以提供真实、全面的飞行认知信息,为飞行员的训练有效性及安全性提供可靠依据。