男性与女性对不同性别和种族面孔识别的差异

研究以大学生为被试,采用延时匹配任务,旨在探讨性别和种族因素对面孔识别的影响,结果发现:(1)男、女被试对女性面孔识别的反应时及正确率均优于男性面孔;(2)被试对不同种族女性面孔识别的优势存在差异,被试对高加索女性面孔的识别表现为更高的正确率,而对中国女性面孔的识别表现为更快的识别速度;(3)面孔种族是导致女性面孔识别优势的重要影响因素。研究表明,面孔识别受到面孔种族、面孔性别和被试性别共同作用的影响。     

Association of Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene with Creative Ideation

Although several studies suggest that dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene may contribute to creativity, the relationship between DRD2 and creativity still needs to be further validated. To further test the relevance of DRD2 and creativity, this study explored the association between DRD2 and creative ideation in 483 unrelated healthy Chinese undergraduate students. A total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the DRD2 were genotyped, and creative ideation was assessed by the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS). Single SNP analysis showed that 2 SNPs (rs4648317 and rs4938019) were nominally associated with fluency, 4 SNPs (rs4648317, rs4938019, rs4648319, and rs1800497) were nominally associated with flexibility, and 1 SNP (rs4648317) was nominally associated with originality. Haplotype analysis showed several haplotypes were nominally associated with various creative ideation indexes. However, none of these nominal associations survived correction for multiple testing. Overall, this study provides suggestive evidence for the genetic impact of DRD2 on creative ideation and supports the assumption that the genotype variations in DRD2 contribute to creativity.     

Internet Use in Young Adult Males: from the Perspective of Pursuing Well-Being

This study explored notable and measurable differences between intense users and less intense internet users in college students as they pursue well-being in the context of positive psychology. A total of 1024 male students from four general universities in China, served as study participants; data were collected via Internet Addiction Test, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Online Social Support Scale, and Subjective Well-Being Scale. Results showed that compared to less intense internet users, intense users perceive limited real-life social support but considerable online social support. For intense users, online social support influences their subjective well-being partially through the intervening variable of self-esteem; for the less intense internet users, online social support has an insignificant predictive effect on self-esteem or well-being.     

Association between Child Abuse and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese College Students

Little is known about the link between child abuse and health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of child abuse and its relations with individual and clusters of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. A total of 507 students participated in this survey. The prevalence of child abuse from the highest to the lowest was emotional neglect (53.9%), physical neglect (49.0%), emotional abuse (21.8%), physical abuse (18.3%), and sexual abuse (18.1%), respectively. Males were more likely to report child abuse than females (p?<?0.01). For males, emotional abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.28; 95%CI (1.00, 5.20)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?12.47, 95%CI (2.61, 59.54)]; while sexual abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.30, 95%CI (1.14, 4.66)]. For females, emotional abuse was significantly associated with increased risks for self-harm behavior [OR?=?15.03, 95%CI (3.59, 63.07)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?5.16, 95%CI (1.63, 16.40)]. Physical abuse was related to risks for internet addiction [OR?=?2.50, 95%CI (1.03, 6.04)] significantly. Two-step cluster analysis showed that participants in clusters with more health risk behaviors reported higher scores of child abuse. These findings suggest that child abuse was associated with both individual and clustering of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students.     

Feature-based attention resolves depth ambiguity

Perceiving the world around us requires that we resolve ambiguity. This process is often studied in the lab using ambiguous figures whose structures can be interpreted in multiple ways. One class of figures contains ambiguity in its depth relations, such that either of two surfaces could be seen as being the “front” of an object. Previous research suggests that selectively attending to a given location on such objects can bias the perception of that region as the front. This study asks whether selectively attending to a distributed feature can also bias that region toward the front. Participants viewed a structure-from-motion display of a rotating cylinder that could be perceived as rotating clockwise or counterclockwise (as imagined viewing from the top), depending on whether a set of red or green moving dots were seen as being in the front. A secondary task encouraged observers to globally attend to either red or green. Results from both Experiment 1 and 2 showed that the dots on the cylinder that shared the attended feature, and its corresponding surface, were more likely to be seen as being in the front, as measured by participants’ clockwise versus counterclockwise percept reports. Feature-based attention, like location-based attention, is capable of biasing competition among potential interpretations of figures with ambiguous structure in depth.     

Web-based remote psychological intervention improves cancer treatment

Web-based-remote (WBR) intervention is a new approach that incorporates smart control technology and modern medicine to monitor patient compliance. It is based on computer control and communication technology. This study is to explore the benefits of WBR psychological intervention for cancer treatment. 128 patients diagnosed with cancer by Pathology Department of our hospital between 1 February 2013 and 1 August 2013 were included. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control group (n = 64). The Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) was used for the survey. Intervention group received WBR psychological intervention in addition to regular clinical follow-up care. Control group only received regular clinical follow-up care. The QLQ-C30 score was significantly better in the intervention group than the control group when the intervention and control groups were followed for three months. In conclusion, WBR psychological intervention substantially improves the quality of life in patients during cancer treatment.     

Baby face wins? Examining election success based on candidate election bulletin via multilevel modeling

A growing body of research suggests that many voters rely on facial cues from political candidates to elect their leaders. Our study proposes that having a baby face could be an asset for a political candidate in a collectivist culture. Using election bulletin photographs from Taiwan's 2004, 2008 and 2012 legislative election, we look at the extent to which a candidate's baby face is related to election outcomes. Our multilevel modelling includes the number of candidates as Level 1 units, and the number of counties in which the candidates competed as Level 2 units. Vote share is the outcome variable. After considering the candidates' traits (perceived babyfacedness, competence, attractiveness and warmth) and background characteristics, babyfacedness was the strongest predictor of vote share. Results across three elections show consistent patterns: the more babyfaced the candidate, the greater the percentage of votes a candidate received, regardless of the candidate's gender, political affiliation or incumbency status. Babyfacedness is more influential than perceived competence, attractiveness and warmth.     

Perceived loneliness and general cognitive status in community-dwelling older adults: the moderating influence of depression

The relationship between depression, loneliness, and cognitive functioning among the elderly is not well understood in the literature. In the present study, we tested the moderating influence of depressive symptoms on loneliness and cognitive functioning. We recruited 100 community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Demographic information, perceived loneliness, depressed mood, and general cognitive status were assessed. Results indicated that married participants reported lower levels of perceived loneliness (t (96) = 2.26, p = .03). We found a significant moderating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between perceived loneliness and general cognitive status (B = ?.05, p = .002). Perceived loneliness correlated negatively with general cognitive status only in participants with higher levels of depressed mood (B = ?.16, p = .01). Together, these findings suggest that perceived loneliness combined with depressed mood is related to poorer general cognitive status in older adults. The implications of these findings are discussed.