阅读中文时信息整合的即时性

通过两个实验对中文语篇理解中相关背景信息的激活与整合到底是即时发生抑或延时进行这一问题进行了探讨。研究所用的阅读材料都包含一个目标句,它与局部语境一致,但与前文提供的背景信息冲突或无关。实验一采用自定步速逐行阅读技术,考察了一致性条件以及句子结束的标记（即句号）是否存在对目标句阅读时间的影响。结果发现,句子结束的标记是否存在并不影响目标句整合加工的进行。实验二运用眼动追踪技术着重探讨信息整合加工能否在目标句关键区中即时进行,实验条件仍为当前信息与背景信息的一致性,重点考察其对目标句中关键前区、关键区及关键后区的作用。结果表明,自变量的操纵导致关键区中反映初次加工的指标产生可靠的效应。这一结果表明中文语篇理解中整合加工的过程开始得非常迅速,是一个即时引发、而非延时进行的过程     

动物辅助治疗与特殊儿童的身心发展

动物辅助治疗是以动物为媒介,通过人与动物的接触,而使病弱或残疾个体身体状况得到改善或维持;或者使个体的心理状况通过有动物参与的活动,加强与外界环境的互动,进而能适应社会的、一种以目标为导向的干预方法。动物辅助治疗有助于缓解儿童的焦虑,促进儿童社会化过程。尤其是可减少情绪问题、注意缺陷和行为障碍、自闭症及脑瘫儿童的问题行为,并促进他们的发展。     

儿童箱庭作品的基础研究

箱庭满足了儿童心理发展的需要，箱庭疗法对儿童心理临床具有重要意义。本研究选取6～10岁小学儿童共12名，每人制作一个箱庭作品，发现其呈现以下特征：箱庭的主要导人形式为“见证人的言语引导”；平均制作时间半小时以上，制作过程谨慎；玩具移动频繁，为了表达主题，追求美观和表达动态的场景；玩具种类主要为动物和建筑；动沙的次数增多，力度增强；空间使用以“占满”为主，但围绕主题摆放；作品主题明确丰富，包括“生活场景类”、“动物世界类”、“战争场面”和“其他类”；儿童与见证人间的互动是为了询问制作规则，寻求帮助和求得认可。     

畲族巫术文化中的陈靖姑信仰——以福州、宁德畲族乡村为例

明清时期是闽东方言区陈靖姑信仰文化建构与成型的时期,也是畲族大量迁入和定居在闽东的时期。在畲汉民众的社会交往中,畲族乡村的巫术文化选择、吸纳了原本属于当地汉人的陈靖姑信仰,并使之成为畲族巫术文化的重要构件。同时,畲族乡村的陈靖姑信仰文化又反作用于闽东方言区,直接推进了该地陈靖姑信仰文化的发展。在相同的时间与空间,闽东方言区的畲汉民众共同完成了陈靖姑信仰文化的创造。     

奥伦自理理论对充血性心力衰竭患者综合生存质量的预后影响研究

研究分析奥伦自理理论对充血性心力衰竭患者综合生存质量的预后影响。选取2012年2月~2013年5月本院收治的90例充血性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,将90例患者遵循随机分配的原则分为对照组（常规护理干预组）45例和观察组（奥伦自理理论组）45例,然后将两组患者护理干预前和护理干预后1个月、3个月的MLHFQ量表、WHOQOL-100量表及Zung量表评估结果进行统计与比较。观察组护理干预后1个月、3个月的MLHFQ量表评分均低于对照组,WHOQOL-100量表评分高于对照组,Zung量表评分与阳性率均低于对照组,P均〈0.05,两组护理干预后的评估结果差异均有统计学意义。奥伦自理理论有助于改善充血性心力衰竭患者的综合生存质量,在此类患者中的应用价值较高。     

Moral disengagement moderates the predicted effect of trait self‐control on self‐reported aggression

An increasing number of studies reveal that self‐control is an important preventative factor for aggression. However, the involvement of potential explanatory variables has received less research attention. Drawing upon the feedback‐loop model of self‐control, the current research assumed that the preventing effect of trait self‐control on aggression may be moderated by moral disengagement. Self‐reported measures of trait self‐control, moral disengagement and aggression were administered to 946 Chinese university students. Results show that trait self‐control had a negative effect on physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility, whereas moral disengagement positively predicted each of these constructs. Of particular importance was a significant interaction between trait self‐control and moral disengagement for verbal aggression and hostility. Specifically, the preventing effect of trait self‐control on these two types of aggression was more pronounced in individuals with low rather than high moral disengagement. In conclusion, low conditional endorsement of transgressive acts and having high trait self‐control are both important individual‐difference variables that explain reduced aggression.     

A unique visual rhythm does not pop out

We investigated attentional demands in visual rhythm perception of periodically moving stimuli using a visual search paradigm. A dynamic search display consisted of vertically “bouncing dots” with regular rhythms. The search target was defined by a unique visual rhythm (i.e., a shorter or longer period) among rhythmic distractors with identical periods. We found that search efficiency for a faster or a slower periodically moving target decreased as the number of distractors increased, although searching for a faster target was about one second faster than searching for a slower target. We conclude that perception of a visual rhythm defined by a unique period is not a “pop-out” process, but a serial one that demands considerable attention.     

The Relationships of Family Socioeconomic Status, Parent–Adolescent Conflict, and Filial Piety to Adolescents’ Family Functioning in Mainland China

This study used structural equation modeling to examine the relationships of family socioeconomic status (SES), parent–adolescent conflict, and filial piety to family functioning among middle school and high school students in mainland China. A total of 2,341 students (1,218 girls and 1,096 boys; mean age = 15.42) completed the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument, Family Status Survey, Parent–adolescent Conflict Scale, and Filial Piety Scale. The main results showed that: (a) family SES, parent–adolescent conflict, and filial piety were significantly linked to family functioning; (b) parent–adolescent conflict and filial piety contributed more to family functioning than family SES; (c) parent–adolescent conflict mediated the relationship between reciprocal filial piety and family functioning. The results promote understanding of family processes that influence the relationships between family SES, parent–adolescent conflict, filial piety, and family functioning among middle school and high school adolescents in mainland China.     

汉字识别中部件结合率的作用:ERP研究

以汉字为实验材料,实验操纵两种部件结合率:携带位置信息的部件结合率(position-specific radical combinability,SRC)和不携带位置信息的部件结合率(position-general radical combinability,GRC)。实验中要求被试进行方位判断的同时记录被试脑电的变化。其中,实验1以假字作为填充刺激,结果发现SRC的变化引发P200效应,而GRC的变化引发了大脑半球右侧化偏向的N400效应。实验2以简单几何图形作为填充刺激,结果发现SRC所引发的P200效应消失了,但GRC所引发的大脑半球右侧化偏向的N400效应保持稳定。结果说明部件结合率可以在汉字加工中产生作用,但是携带位置信息的部件结合率在汉字加工中容易受到假字所引发的注意偏向的影响;而不携带位置信息的部件结合率在汉字加工中的作用相对稳定。