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261.
The development of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant: Evidence from children aged 8–13 years 下载免费PDF全文
Meifang Wang Binggan Yan Feng Yang Yaolong Zhao 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(4):269-277
In social‐cognitive research, little attention has been paid to the developmental course of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor (STIs about the actor) and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant (STTs about the informant). Using a false recognition paradigm, Study 1 investigated the developmental course of STIs and Study 2 investigated the developmental course of STTs, comparing 8‐, 9‐, 10‐, 11‐, 12‐ and 13‐year olds. The results of Study 1 showed that 8‐year olds could make STIs about the actor, and the magnitude of STIs increased from ages 8 to 10 years, stabilised at the age of 10, 11, 12 years, and decreased from ages 12 through 13 years. The results of Study 2 showed that 8‐year olds could make STTs about the informant, and the magnitude of STTs did not vary with age. In all age groups, the magnitude of STIs about the actor was greater than that of STTs about the informant. 相似文献
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B. Gatersleben T. Jackson J. Meadows E. Soto Y.L. Yan 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):131-139
Introduction
There are increasing concerns that people in modern societies spend too much of their leisure time on activities such as shopping and watching television and that this undermines human well-being and damages the environment.Objectives
This paper explores the relationships between materialism, environmental values and life satisfaction on the one hand, and different forms of leisure activities on the other. In particular, it addresses the differences between serious or intrinsically motivating leisure activities and casual or extrinsically motivating activities.Method
Three survey studies were conducted among 16 to 25-year olds in the UK (n = 338), Spain (n = 417) and China (n = 961).Results
Reading books was negatively related to materialism and positively to environmental values and behaviours. Playing sports was associated with higher well-being. Moreover, materialism was negatively associated with environmental values and behaviour. Life satisfaction was higher among those with stronger environmental values and weaker materialism.Conclusion
The findings suggest that sustainable lifestyles, characterised by higher well-being, higher environmental concern and behaviour and lower materialism can be found in each nation. Moreover, such lifestyles are associated with different kinds of leisure engagement. Examining the potentially positive role of reading books rather than being immersed in screen time deserves further attention. 相似文献264.
Perceiving high social mindfulness during interpersonal interaction promotes cooperative behaviours 下载免费PDF全文
Kai Dou Yu‐Jie Wang Jian‐Bin Li Jing‐Jing Li Yan‐Gang Nie 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2018,21(1-2):97-106
Social mindfulness refers to individual's respect and protection of others’ options in interpersonal interaction. The object‐choosing task is a traditional paradigm to assess social mindfulness. Individuals with high social mindfulness would choose the nonunique object so that others would have more options; on the contrary, individuals with low social mindfulness would choose the unique object, which limits others’ choices. No prior study has examined whether perceiving people with different levels of social mindfulness affects one's cooperation. Based on this background, two experiments were conducted to address this question. In both experiments, a confederate participant's (Player A's) social mindfulness was manipulated by setting the frequency that Player A chose the unique and the nonunique objects. Then, participants were asked to interact with Player A in the public goods game (Experiment 1) or in the centipede game (Experiment 2). Convergent results showed that compared to those interacting with a socially unmindful person, participants interacting with a person perceived as socially mindful contributed more resources in the public goods game and chose to pass on more rounds in the centipede game. These findings suggest that perception of others’ high social mindfulness enhances one's own cooperative behaviour. 相似文献
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免疫抑制剂治疗风湿病疗效显著,但由于其免疫抑制的作用机理,临床应用会引起很多的副作用。由于患者的个体差异,治疗作用与副反应不尽相同。所以,在治疗的时候应该尽量扩大治疗作用减少副作用,并向患者阐明药物的双重性。 相似文献
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心身疾病是指那些心理一社会因素在疾病的发生和发展中起重要作用的躯体疾病。其概念决定了心身疾病不具有专业领域性,不同心身疾病有着不同的病理变化。发掘其病理共性、找寻规律性,对该学科发展的标准化方向至关重要。该文从中医基本病机层次,探讨了心身疾病的发生、发展与变化的机理,试图对科研与临床操作提供有益思路。 相似文献
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观察洛铂与顺铂联合培美曲塞治疗晚期肺腺癌的疗效和不良反应。将64例肺腺癌患者分为PL组(培美曲塞+洛铂)和PC组(培美曲塞+顺铂),每2个周期评价疗效,观察不良反应。结果两组疗效无显著差异。PL组恶心、呕吐、腹泻较轻,口腔黏膜炎反应较重。结论两组疗效相当,但洛铂组不良反应较轻,耐受性好。 相似文献
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AMT(Autobiographical Memory Test)主要用于测量自传体记忆的概括性和具体性特征,已经被诸多研究者所采用,然而关于测验方法的具体问题鲜有研究,其中测验的关键部分线索词的选择和匹配更没有设计较严谨的量化研究。目的:分析与自传体记忆相关的线索词的多种维度,并通过统计指标的计算选取多种维度上最为匹配的线索词,形成中文版的AMT测验材料。方法:采用专家评定法,选取差异系数(cv)作为线索词的计算指标,并设计了差异系数的函数公式,把维度作为参数来计算情绪词的多维参数的函数值,最终作为线索词选择的依据。结果:依据每个词汇的差异系数函数值选择了三个维度上最为匹配的词汇,得到了以15个中文线索词为测验材料的AMT测验工具。 相似文献
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犹太教是一个民族性的宗教。对改宗犹太教的外邦人,拉比们一方面给予他们积极的评价,另一方面又对他们表现出怀疑排斥的消极态度。从根本上说,这种矛盾态度是由犹太教对自身的不同理解造成的。一方面,犹太人将自身看成由律法塑造的宗教共同体;另一方面,犹太教又始终将自身理解为一个民族,甚至其改宗程序,也是为了在象征意义上建立改宗者与犹太人的血缘关系。犹太教对其民族性的坚持是她无法向外邦人敞开怀抱的主要原因。 相似文献