Crossed aphasia in Chinese: a clinical survey.

According to our clinical observations from various aspects of stroke patients, such as the total incidence of aphasia, the incidence of aphasia after left brain damage of the dextrals, the aphasia that occurs in patients without hemiplegia, and the types of aphasia, a much higher incidence of crossed aphasia is seen among the stroke patients of the Han (the largest ethnic group in China) as compared with the Uighur-Kazaks (U-K) in China and the Occidentals documented in the literature. Motor aphasia is most common and pure sensory or posterior aphasia is rarely seen in Han patients. The distinct features of the Chinese language is a possible explanation for this difference. We suspect that language function of the Han is not localized in the left brain but in the right or both hemispheres. There is no definite Wernicke's area in the left brain of the Chinese people and the neural pathway of the language function in the brain of the Chinese people is not similar to people who speak phonetic languages. Consequently the universal applicability of the theories of cerebral laterality of the language function and dominant hemisphere established by Dax and Broca are questioned in this paper.     

Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted?

Covariance structure analysis uses chi 2 goodness-of-fit test statistics whose adequacy is not known. Scientific conclusions based on models may be distorted when researchers violate sample size, variate independence, and distributional assumptions. The behavior of 6 test statistics is evaluated with a Monte Carlo confirmatory factor analysis study. The tests performed dramatically differently under 7 distributional conditions at 6 sample sizes. Two normal-theory tests worked well under some conditions but completely broke down under other conditions. A test that permits homogeneous nonzero kurtoses performed variably. A test that permits heterogeneous marginal kurtoses performed better. A distribution-free test performed spectacularly badly in all conditions at all but the largest sample sizes. The Satorra-Bentler scaled test statistic performed best overall.     

International perspectives on tests used with children and youths

The results of an international survey of tests used with children and youths in 44 countries are reported. A total of 455 tests were identified. The median number of tests used in each country is 15; the range is 41 to 2. Measures of intelligence, personality, and achievement are most common. Foreign-developed tests generally are cited more frequently than locally developed tests. Reliability, validity, and normative studies generally are available on two thirds or fewer of the tests. However, locally developed tests generally were thought to have better psychometric qualities than foreign-developed tests.     

Extending General Processing Tree Models to Analyze Reaction Time Experiments

General processing tree (GPT) models are usually used to analyze categorical data collected in psychological experiments. Such models assume functional relations between probabilities of the observed behavior categories and the unobservable choice probabilities involved in a cognitive task. This paper extends GPT models for categorical data to the analysis of continuous data in a class of response time (RT) experiments in cognitive psychology. Suppose that a cognitive task involves several discrete processing stages and both accuracy (categorical) and latency (continuous) measures are obtained for each of the response categories. Furthermore, suppose that the task can be modeled by a GPT model that assumes serialization among the stages. The observed latencies of the response categories are functions of the choice probabilities and processing times (PT) at each of the processing stages. The functional relations are determined by the processing structure of the task. A general framework is presented and it is applied to a set of data obtained from a source monitoring experiment. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

大学生消费心理和消费行为的研究

当代大学生是跨世纪的人才,是开创21世纪大业和进一步振兴中华的主力军,社会对大学生的整体素质提出了更高的要求。大学生所受的教育、校园的环境以及该年龄的特殊心理特征,使他们有自己特有的消费心理和消费行为,对他们的消费心理和消费行为的研究,有助于认识青年一代乃至整个社会的消费趋势。本文对当代大学生的消费水平、消费结构、消费方式、消费心理特点及其影响因素、对策等作了分析。     

作为认识论研究纲领的贝耶斯主义

一贝耶斯主义:一种认识论的研究纲领 "贝耶斯主义"(Bayesianism)是一个流传甚广的学术标签.其最初也是最令人熟悉的含义,是指统计学和决策论中的贝耶斯学派.这一学派的核心思想是:承认主观概率的存在,并将其作为理解人类的推理和行动的基本概念.     

组织文化、组织文化吻合度与员工的组织公民行为

以中国普通员工为被试,考察了组织文化、组织文化吻合度与员工组织公民行为(OCB)之间的关系.结果发现: (1)不同年龄、不同类型企业员工的OCB存在显著差异,但在性别、教育水平方面没有差异; (2)不同取向的组织文化对员工不同层面的OCB具有不同的预测作用.具体而言.组织文化对社会层面OCB的预测作用较强;就单一取向的组织文化来看,人本与创新取向的组织文化对OCB的预测作用最强; (3)在组织文化影响员工组织公民行为时,组织文化吻合度具有一定的调节作用,这种调节作用在人本与创新取向以及规范与安定取向的组织文化影响OCB时表现更加明显.     

基层党政领导干部对创造力人才特点的隐认知

该研究对48名基层领导干部的访谈和631名基层领导干部的问卷调查,通过访谈初步研究了基层领导干部的隐创造力概念,并在访谈基础上,通过因素分析等方法,编制了中国基层党政领导干部创造力人才特点量表。研究发现,中国基层领导干部对于创造力的理解更侧重于解决实际问题而非“无中生有”。在他们看来,创造力就是如何将现有的资源加以整合利用,在既定条件的约束下,用独特的方法来解决公共服务过程中面临的各种新老问题,并取得成效。中国基层领导干部的创造力人才特点包含工作灵活、激励带动：掌握新技术、敢于突破、善于学习5个维度,各维度之间有一定相关。     

Susceptibility to motion sickness induced by optokinetic rotation and self-rotation by walking around a vertical pole.

31 subjects viewed an optokinetic rotating drum for 12 min. in one session and self-rotated by walking quickly around a vertical pole with eyes closed while alternately flexing and extending the neck in another session. The self-rotation session contained 6 trials (3 clockwise and 3 counterclockwise rotations). Each trial contained 20 cycles of self-rotations. Self-reported ratings of nausea and symptoms of motion sickness were obtained for each session. The subjects developed symptoms of nausea, sweating, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and changes in salivation in both drum rotation and self-rotation sessions. However, the subjects reported higher ratings of nausea in the session of optokinetic rotation than in the session of self-rotation around a vertical pole. These results indicated that both optokinetic rotation and self-rotation with eyes closed while alternately flexing and extending the neck are effective means of inducing nausea and motion sickness.     

影响大学生自我监控能力的情境因素的实验研究

采用角色表演法,通过实验考察了冲突中影响大学生自我监控能力的情境因素。实验研究了冲突对方说话的态度对自我监控的影响。通过比较高、低自我监控者在两种态度(礼貌或粗鲁)对待下策略的使用,证实冲突中对方的说话态度显著影响了大学生在冲突中的自我监控行为：在礼貌说话态度下,高、低自我监控的大学生间在综合策略、分散策略和敌对策略的使用上有显著差异,而在粗鲁的说话态度下,两者无显著差异。