中学生SCL-90评定结果分析及其常模的建立

随机抽取厦门市10所中学5251名中学生为样本,对SCL-90进行项目分析、信度和效度检验,并运用验证性因素分析探讨该量表结构的适合性;建立厦门市中学生SCL-90的性别与初高中常模并与已有的常模作跨时间和地域的比较。结果表明:SCL-90的同质性信度为0.97,分半信度为0.94,一阶和二阶验证性因素分析的各指标均有较为理想的拟合;有59.0%的中学生存在各种轻微的不良心理反应,有16.1%的中学生存在各种明显的心理症状,这些心理症状主要表现为敌对、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执和焦虑并存在不同程度的性别和年级差异;SCL-90的评定结果存在时段和地域差异,持续时间和强度是该量表使用和结果解释的关键。     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》自我分量表的编制

理论上建构了心理健康素质自我结构模型,依此模型编制了心理健康素质自我量表。以武汉市的青少年为样本(N=390),初步获得信度与效度指标。自我认知、自我评价和自我调控3个二级结构的α系数分别为0.81、0.76和0.59。验证性因素分析的结果初步支持本研究所提出的自我的三级结构模型。     

PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE ORIENT: CURRENT STATUS,PROBLEMS, AND SOME REMEDIES*

Utilizing information obtained through an international survey and existing literature, patterns in the practices, research, and preparation of professionals who deliver psychoeducational services to children and youth in six Oriental countries (i.e., China, Hong Kong ¹, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand) are described. Services are provided by many professional groups. While few formal programs exist for the preparation of psychologists to work in schools, those providing such services have at least a bachelor's degree. Services commonly provided include assessment, vocational and educational guidance, counseling, parent education, and teaching. School psychological services generally are not governed by legislation or professional standards. Research tends to be applied and directed toward the construction and translations of tests and toward the needs of the mentally retarded, learning disabled, and behaviorally disordered. Ten major problems creating barriers for the delivery of psychoeducational services are identified. Three suggestions to help resolve these problems are offered.     

失读病人阅读过程中汉语词的形、音、义三维关系的探讨

本文通过7例脑损伤阅读障碍病人的阅读行为分析,初步探讨了阅读认知过程中汉字词的“形”、“音”、“义”三个信息维的脑加工途径和三者间的动态关系,提出以下推论;(1)阅读过程中字词“形”、“音”、“义”信息的脑加工途径是以字形的视觉感知为起点,其后分别与字音和字义建立联系。(2)字形和字义间的联系强于字形与字音间的联系。(3)字形和字义间的强联系可能与汉字特点,以及所涉及的心理学条件不同有关。     

The effect of worry on cardiovascular response to phobic imagery

Cardiovascular response to phobic exposures has been shown to reflect the degree of emotional processing of phobic material and relates in important ways to outcome in exposure therapy. The present study investigated the effect of worry on such processing. Speech anxious subjects visualized a phobic scene for 10 trials. Three groups differed according to whether they engaged in relaxed, neutral, or worrisome thinking just prior to each scene presentation. Although the three types of thinking had no effect on cardiovascular activity during the thinking periods, subjects in the worry group displayed significantly less heart rate response to the phobic image than those in the neutral condition who had significantly less response than the relaxed condition. However, the worry group showed significantly greater subjective fear to the images than the neutral condition, with the relaxed group near to the level of the worry group and not significantly different from either of the other two conditions. The results suggest that worry may inhibit emotional processing and thus preserve cognitive/affective fear structure, and are discussed in terms of Gray's (Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 469-534, 1982) theory of the behavioral inhibition system and semantic satiation effects in cognitive psychology.     

Crossed aphasia in Chinese: a clinical survey.

According to our clinical observations from various aspects of stroke patients, such as the total incidence of aphasia, the incidence of aphasia after left brain damage of the dextrals, the aphasia that occurs in patients without hemiplegia, and the types of aphasia, a much higher incidence of crossed aphasia is seen among the stroke patients of the Han (the largest ethnic group in China) as compared with the Uighur-Kazaks (U-K) in China and the Occidentals documented in the literature. Motor aphasia is most common and pure sensory or posterior aphasia is rarely seen in Han patients. The distinct features of the Chinese language is a possible explanation for this difference. We suspect that language function of the Han is not localized in the left brain but in the right or both hemispheres. There is no definite Wernicke's area in the left brain of the Chinese people and the neural pathway of the language function in the brain of the Chinese people is not similar to people who speak phonetic languages. Consequently the universal applicability of the theories of cerebral laterality of the language function and dominant hemisphere established by Dax and Broca are questioned in this paper.     

视剥夺及视剥夺学习后Jun样蛋白在雏鸡两侧半球中不同表达的研究

该实验免疫组化技术,在已有实验的基础上进一步观察比较了左眼视剥夺及单眼学习后,Ｊｕｎ样蛋白在雏鸡则半ＨＶ和ＬＰＯ中表达的差异,实验表明：１．视剥夺２．２４、４８、７２小时后观测到Ｊｕｎ样蛋白在左、右半球ＨＶ和ＬＰＯ中的表达逐渐增高,并且于视剥夺４８小时表达到达峰值。同时仅在视剥夺２小时后观测到两半球ＬＰＯ中Ｊｕｎ样蛋白的表达存在差异,在其余各视剥夺时程中两侧半球的ＬＰＯ、ＨＶ中Ｊｕｎ样蛋白的表达均     

Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted?

Covariance structure analysis uses chi 2 goodness-of-fit test statistics whose adequacy is not known. Scientific conclusions based on models may be distorted when researchers violate sample size, variate independence, and distributional assumptions. The behavior of 6 test statistics is evaluated with a Monte Carlo confirmatory factor analysis study. The tests performed dramatically differently under 7 distributional conditions at 6 sample sizes. Two normal-theory tests worked well under some conditions but completely broke down under other conditions. A test that permits homogeneous nonzero kurtoses performed variably. A test that permits heterogeneous marginal kurtoses performed better. A distribution-free test performed spectacularly badly in all conditions at all but the largest sample sizes. The Satorra-Bentler scaled test statistic performed best overall.     

International perspectives on tests used with children and youths

The results of an international survey of tests used with children and youths in 44 countries are reported. A total of 455 tests were identified. The median number of tests used in each country is 15; the range is 41 to 2. Measures of intelligence, personality, and achievement are most common. Foreign-developed tests generally are cited more frequently than locally developed tests. Reliability, validity, and normative studies generally are available on two thirds or fewer of the tests. However, locally developed tests generally were thought to have better psychometric qualities than foreign-developed tests.     

Effects of semantic discrimination of Chinese words on N400 component of event-related potentials.

20 subjects' event-related brain potentials were measured during a lexical decision task in which Chinese characters were used in both conditions of related (antonym) and unrelated words. Analysis indicated that the mean reaction time for unrelated words was 130 msec. longer than that elicited by related words. The condition of unrelated words elicited a significant N450, and an obvious P500 was evoked by related words at each of the 17 recording sites. Furthermore, the amplitudes of N210 and N450 were larger in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere but the amplitude of P500 was larger in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere.