论墨子功利思想主导下的修辞观

作为墨家学派的代表人物,墨子非常崇尚实用和功利,并以此作为衡量一切事物、一切行为的标准。墨子这种功利思想,对其语言观、修辞观也产生了极大的影响。墨子认为,言谈辩说具有强大的社会功用,人们要重视辩说、谨慎言语;要以有利于国家、百姓为准则,注意言说的时机、场合、对象,在“言之有物”的基础上酌情修饰,“先质后文”。     

潘菽的心理二分法与两种取向心理学

潘菽把心理分为认识活动与意向活动,两者在内容、功能及具体特征等方面都存在着明显的对立,但又在实践的基础上紧密联系,统一于人类的实践。这为回答当代科学与人文两种取向心理学对立的根源、统一的基础及途径等问题提供了一种新的视角。     

马斯洛人本主义心理学与中国道家思想

中国道家思想的中心价值是“自然”,“无为”是其这一价值追求的方法论的必然选择。马斯洛人本心理学在价值取向和方法运用上都与中国道家思想有一定的相通之处,该文对两者间的关联试作了列举分析,并考察了这两者的相关研究对于未来的意义。     

传承老子之道 共建和谐世界

2005年9月,胡锦涛主席在联合国成立60周年首脑会议上,发表了题为《努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界》的重要讲话,向世界郑重提出     

“鬼妻”事件引起的思考

最近,时见报端及因特网有关娶"鬼妻"或配阴婚(所谓娶"鬼妻"或配阴婚,就是为死亡的单身男子配一个女人,双方以夫妻名义合葬)在一些农村地区盛行的报道,让人感到不安。     

Relations of perceived motivational climate and feelings of belonging in physical education in urban schools

The current pilot study examined the relationship between feelings of belonging and perceptions of motivational climate in physical education classes among 87 African-American, inner-city high school students (41 boys, 46 girls). Motivational climate was assessed by the Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire and feelings of belonging were assessed by the Belonging Scale. Contrary to the hypothesis, scores for both the task- and ego-involved subscales of the Perceived Motivational Climate Questionnaire had moderate positive correlations with scores on the Belonging Scale, indicating the relationship between these specific motivational climates and social-emotional outcomes in physical education is not clear and direct. Further research is warranted to assess these findings and to identify what experiences and instructional strategies are most effective in promoting social-emotional outcomes in physical education in urban schools.     

Spatial accuracy demand in aiming movements: kinematic analysis of subtended angle and tolerance width

Subtended angle has been assumed to be an important factor in both response programming time and kinematic characteristics of aiming movements. Support for this assumption has come mainly from studies in which circular targets have been used. However, with circular targets, the subtended angle covaries with the size of the target in the principal direction of the movement (tolerance width). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tolerance width and subtended angle on aiming movement with multiple targets. Participants first hit a 5-cm-diameter circular target located 8 cm to the left of a starting position and then moved another 8 cm left to hit either a 5-cm diameter circular target or a 5- x 1-cm rectangular target oriented either horizontally or vertically, depending on the condition. Analysis showed that reaction times and movement times were longer for the vertical rectangular target, which had a smaller tolerance width than the other two targets. In addition, the vertical rectangular target also showed a greater percentage of secondary-submovement trials, lower movement velocity, and higher peak vertical displacement. Overall, the results indicate that the tolerance width of the target may impose more constraints on aiming movements than subtended angle.     

青少年自我意识的功能结构及测评的研究

研究者认为自我意识是个体对自己及与周围环境的关系诸方面的认识、体验和调节的多维度、多层次的心理功能系统;并参考国内外相关的自我意识理论和量表,以城市中学生为被试,经过三个步骤,采用《青少年自我意识量表》,对青少年自我意识的心理结构进行了探索性和验证性研究。研究结果表明：青少年自我意识的功能结构基本可以分为三个维度八个因素（即体貌评价、能力评价、品德评价、自尊感、自信感、自觉性、情绪自控、自制力与坚持性）;自编《青少年自我意识量表》包括个人因子共38个项目;该量表的内部一致性信度和分半信度比较高,也具有较好的结构效度。     

视觉搜索中空间不对称性的眼动研究

采用视觉搜索任务对33名大学生在不同视野中目标搜索过程的眼睛运动进行记录,以探讨不同视野位置的视觉搜索的差异性。研究结果表明,视觉搜索存在明显的空间不对称性,它主要体现在左右视野之间的差异上,具体表现在搜索反应时、平均注视时间以及眼睛跳动等方面。视觉搜索中存在很强的策略,其中主要为水平搜索或垂直搜索,因此,长期的练习和习惯也将影响视觉搜索过程。     

视野位置及刺激特征对目标搜索影响的眼动研究

在视觉搜索中,注意受多种因素的影响。本研究控制了刺激呈现的3种视野位置,旨在研究在不同视野位置上,各种因素发挥作用的情况。要求被试在4个项目中搜索某一特定的靶子,记录了反应时和多种眼动指标。结果发现,在不同的视野位置上,视觉搜索过程受目标状态和刺激特征的影响程度发生了变化。并且对形状和颜色特征的加工存在时间和加工位置上的差异。