十文钱问题：中国一古老推理错觉问题初探

首先简要阐述了中国一古老推理问题——十文钱问题的学术价值,然后在研究1中通过调查法对其进行了研究。结果发现,该问题应该属于典型的推理错觉问题,且其错觉产生的原因可能是运用单式记账方式进行推理的结果;研究2和研究3分别通过口语报告法和实验法获得了支持这一假设的证据,但同时也发现记账方式问题可能也并不是问题的全部,其中财会事项发生的顺序所形成的循环结构可能也是问题困难原因之一,这一假设在研究4中得到了支持     

语言理解中句法加工的脑机制

大量研究表明左侧额叶和颞叶的多个脑区与句法加工有关, 已有的理论模型分别从不同的角度对句法加工的脑机制进行了解释。通过文献比较与分析发现, 对句法加工的操作定义、实验任务、被试个体差异以及语言差异等均可能导致研究结果出现差异。在将来的研究中, 可以通过跨语言、多任务比较, 不同层面的句法加工的操作, 在方法上将个体功能定位分析与传统的组分析相结合, 以及从神经网络的角度来更准确和全面地揭示句法加工的脑机制。     

自尊与创造力相关的元分析

研究目的在于明确自尊与创造力的关系, 并探讨影响二者关系的因素。通过文献检索, 搜集了24项关于自尊与创造力关系的研究, 被试总体人数为3956名。元分析研究发现, 自尊与创造力之间存在正相关, 但是二者相关受创造力研究取向的影响。在以结果为取向的创造力研究中, 95%的置信区间包括0, 自尊与创造力相关系数不稳定, 存在异质性; 而以人格为取向的创造力研究, 95%的置信区间不包括0, 自尊与创造力相关系数稳定, 二者存在显著的正相关, 相关系数为0.289。     

Ego depletion and its paradoxical effects on ethical decision making

Whereas previous research has shown that ego depletion can lead to an increase in unethical behavior, we suggest that this effect hinges on the social consensus of the unethical behavior. Drawing from theories on social consensus and dual-process decision-making, we hypothesize and confirm that ego depletion is associated with increased unethical behavior of comparatively low social consensus. We then find that, as hypothesized, ego depletion is associated with decreased unethical behavior of high social consensus (Studies 1 and 2). Results further suggest that, controlling for state self-control resources, depleted participants are less likely to engage in unethical behavior of high social consensus as a result of increased subjective fatigue (Study 3). Taken together, our findings challenge a widely-held assumption about the negative effects of ego depletion on ethical decision making.     

From autonomy to creativity: a multilevel investigation of the mediating role of harmonious passion

Building on self-determination theory, we theorized about and demonstrated, through 2 multilevel field studies, the pivotal role of harmonious passion in translating organizational autonomy support and individual autonomy orientation into job creativity. Results based on 3-level data from 856 members in 111 teams within 23 work units of a porous metal company (Study 1) and from 525 employees in 98 teams of 18 branches of a large commercial bank (Study 2) revealed 2 major findings. First, organizational autonomy support from a higher organizational level (unit or branch) compensated for the effect of autonomy support from a lower organizational level (team) or individual autonomy orientation on employees' harmonious passion. Second, harmonious passion mediated the interactive effects of unit (branch) autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, of team autonomy support and team member autonomy orientation, and of unit (branch) autonomy support and team autonomy support on individual creativity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in the organizational context.     

To whom do positive norm and negative norm of reciprocity apply? Effects of inequitable offer, relationship, and relational-self orientation

Various theories have been proposed to account for people’s reciprocity behavior in social exchange. The current research is designed to delineate the conditions under which and for whom the relational theoretical explanation is most applicable. We hypothesize that while people in general show positive (negative) reciprocity responses toward favorable (unfavorable) inequitable treatments from others, such a tendency varies depending on the relationship with the exchange counterpart, and their own relational-self orientation. While we used country (China vs. the US) as a proxy for participants’ relational-self orientation in Study 1, this orientation was directly assessed in Study 2. Results from both studies showed consistent support for our hypothesis. Implications of these findings to literatures in reciprocity and social exchange are discussed.     

表象—认知吝啬原则：MHD问题另释

本文首先对MHD问题的研究现状进行了简要回顾,然后对MHD问题中出现的“概率错判”和“选择固着”两种现象给出了一种基于表象—认知吝啬视角的解释。该视角认为,人们无论采用的是顺向表征还是逆向表征,都采用了动态表象表征问题,而依照认知吝啬原则,动态表象要模拟轿车在门1、门2之间以1：2的比率出现的状态很难,却极容易模拟成轿车在门1门2间随机出现的状态;这导致了人们形成“概率错判”;对于“选择固着”问题该视角则认为,它的出现是不变比改变更符合认知吝啬原则的结果。