试论道教内神名讳源起,兼论东晋上清经派存思修炼法门

呼请神癨名讳以治病,在战国时应已存在,唯彼时所存思者为身外神.而存思身神名讳的,则似始于汉纬,本用以治病,至上清经派而用以修仙.上清经派认为身神有大小尊卑之别,且身中有一神,外界即有一神与之呼应.上清经派的特色在于,观想身中神癨,使外神与内神相合为一,而达炼形易质,长生不死的目的.     

“人的个性”的前提性问题

"人的个性"问题虽然日益引起学界的兴趣并取得了不少研究成果,但对这一问题的研究仍需进行前提性反思。当我们深入思考和分析这三个问题时,就会发现其中隐含着一系列需要思考的前提性问题:究竟什么是人的个性?人的个性对于人究竟意味着何种意义与价值?人的个性究竟是从哪里来的?这些问题是研究人的个性需要首先回答的问题。真正理解和把握"人的个性"问题需要超越"抽象人性论"的思想局限。只有以马克思的"具体人性论"思想为指导,才能形成关于"人的个性"的合理观念。     

汶川地震8.5年后青少年的社会支持与创伤后成长的关系:自我效能感和自尊的中介作用

为考察汶川地震8.5年后青少年的社会支持、自我效能感、自尊与创伤后成长（PTG）之间的关系，利用社会支持问卷、自我效能感问卷、自尊量表和创伤后成长问卷对地震灾区的1185名中学生进行了调查。结果发现，创伤暴露程度对社会支持、自我效能感和自尊均不具有显著影响，但对PTG具有显著的预测作用；而在控制创伤暴露后，社会支持不仅可以直接促进PTG，也可以分别通过自我效能感和自尊促进PTG，还可以通过自我效能感经自尊的多重中介作用来促进PTG，表明自我效能感和自尊在社会支持与PTG的关系中发挥着显著的中介效应。这些结果说明社会支持对PTG影响的一个重要机制是通过提升个体的自我效能感、增加其自尊来实现的。     

The relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic: do number line estimation,working memory,or place-value concept matter?

Mental rotation is positively related to arithmetic ability; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. The possible roles of working memory, place-value concept, and number line estimation in the correlation between mental rotation and whole-number computation were investigated. One hundred and fifty-five first-grade students were tested to determine their mental rotation ability, arithmetic ability, and non-verbal intelligence. One year later, their working memory, place-value concept, number line estimation, and overall arithmetic ability were assessed. After controlling for age, gender, and prior arithmetic ability, we found that mental rotation uniquely predicted arithmetic ability after one year. Further mediation analyses demonstrated that number line estimation significantly mediated the relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic ability. In contrast, neither working memory nor place-value concept significantly mediated the relationship between mental rotation and arithmetic ability. This study highlights that mental number line estimation is the most important element explaining the influence of a dynamic spatial skill, that is, mental rotation, on arithmetic ability among young Chinese children.     

An Enumerative Review and a Meta-Analysis of Primed Goal Effects on Organizational Behavior

Drawing on results from 32 published and 20 unpublished laboratory and field experiments, we conducted an enumerative review of the primed goal effects on outcomes of organizational relevance including performance and the need for achievement. The enumerative review suggests that goal setting theory is as applicable for subconscious goals as it is for consciously set goals. A meta-analysis of 23 studies revealed that priming an achievement goal, relative to a no-prime control condition, significantly improves task/job performance (d = 0.44, k = 34) and the need for achievement (d = 0.69, k = 6). Three moderators of the primed goal effects on the observed outcomes were identified: (1) context-specific vs. a general prime, (2) prime modality (i.e., visual vs. linguistic), and (3) experimental setting (i.e., field vs. laboratory). Significantly stronger primed goal effects were obtained for context-specific primes, visual stimuli, and field experiments. Theoretical and managerial implications of and future directions for goal priming are discussed.     

自我监控对大学生社会回避及苦恼的影响

目的了解自我监控对大学生社会回避和苦恼的影响。方法对282名大学生施测了自我监控量表和社会回避与苦恼量表,根据自我监控量表分,把被试分为四组。结果高自我监控大学生组的社交回避及苦恼得分显著低于其他三组。结论自我监控对大学生社会回避与苦恼有显著影响。     

正义能否从“幸福”出发

正义理论通常被认为不应该涉及"至善"领域,"正义问题"与"幸福问题"应分属两个不同的领域,所以伦理学家很少用"幸福"论证正义制度和说明个体的正义行为,而多是从"利益"和"尊严"出发论证正义理论的合理性。但在理论结构上,从"利益"出发的"财产中心正义观"存在着不可自洽的缺陷,从"尊严"出发的"主体中心正义观"通过扩充前者的信息基础在一定程度上做了弥补,但"尊严"概念本身对社会合作和正义动机的解释力都稍显不足。赵汀阳教授用"可能生活"重新诠释了"幸福"概念,认为"幸福"的实现在于"可能生活"的多寡,借用这一概念,进一步扩充"主体中心正义观"的信息基础,一方面可以使得正义理论的结构更为自洽,另一方面也在社会"正义"和人们"幸福"之间搭建了可能性桥梁。