全面分析溃疡性结肠炎发病的危险因素

溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异性结肠炎症,是多因素共同作用的综合结果。在研究其发病因素的过程中,应用系统论的方法综合考虑各危险因素的作用,尤其是在新的医学模式下社会心理因素对其的影响,能更加全面的把握溃疡性结肠炎发生的作用机制,从而更好地指导临床治疗的开展。     

再论葛洪的神仙思想

前此曾论述葛洪神仙思想的现代意义,①此再论想谈其历史意义。葛洪的神仙论在道教神仙这个核心信仰方面,有重要的历史和理论意义。主要讨论神仙问题的《抱朴子内篇》,对其以前的神仙思想,作了一次比较全面的总结,并有一     

“合法律性的正当性”何以可能——哈贝马斯对哈特法哲学的批判与修缮

实证主义法学的代表哈特力主道德与法律在概念上无必然联系的分离命题,持"合法律性的正当性"模式,把正当性萎缩成形式程序的合法律性。在哈贝马斯看来,法律实证主义意义上的"合法律性的正当性"取消了对法律正当性之理性基础的考量。他遵循商谈模式的程序路向来重建法律的正当性,从基本立场、论证模式、权利审视及认可方式这四个向度来批判与修缮哈特的法律正当性理论,其"重建式的法律正当性"理论为我们研究法律正当性问题开拓了新的视野。     

Cultural effect on perspective taking in Chinese-English bilinguals

Some recent evidence has suggested that perspective taking skills in everyday life situations may differ across cultural groups. In the present study, we investigated this effect via culture priming in a group of Chinese-English bilingual adults in the context of a communication game. Results showed that the participants made more perspective taking errors when interpreting the game instruction under the Western than the Chinese primes. The findings suggest that the ability to assume others' mental states not only can be used strategically but is also influenced by the currently active cultural frame in the mind of the bilingual. The present study provides the first evidence for a cultural effect on perspective taking using a within-sample approach via culture priming.     

Different brain mechanisms between stereotype activation and application: evidence from an ERP study

Stereotyping involves two processes in which first, social stereotypes are activated (stereotype activation), and then, stereotypes are applied to given targets (stereotype application). Previous behavioral studies have suggested that these two processes are independent of each other and may have different mechanisms. As few psychophysiological studies have given an integrated account of these stages in stereotyping so far, this study utilized a trait categorization task in which event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to explore the brain mechanisms associated with the processes of stereotype activation and its application. The behavioral (reaction time) and electrophysiological data showed that stereotype activation and application were elicited respectively in an affective valence identification subtask and in a semantic content judgment subtask. The electrophysiological results indicated that the categorization processes involved in stereotype activation to quickly identify stereotypic and nonstereotypic information were quite different from those involved in the application. During the process of stereotype activation, a P2 and N2 effect was observed, indicating that stereotype activation might be facilitated by an early attentional bias. Also, a late positive potential (LPP) was elicited, suggesting that social expectancy violation might be involved. During the process of the stereotype application, electrophysiological data showed a P2 and P3 effect, indicating that stereotype application might be related to the rapid social knowledge identification in semantic representation and thus may be associated with an updating of existing stereotypic contents or a motivation to resolve the inconsistent information. This research strongly suggested that different mechanisms are involved in the stereotype activation and application processes.     

《商君书》各篇的作者、创作时间及其成书考

《商君书》的成书情况十分复杂,它不是一时一人之作,应该是历时性的产物。具体而言,《商君书》中的《墾令》《境内》《农战》《战法》《立本》《兵守》《开塞》《君臣》《立法》这九篇都可能是商鞅所作。《更法》《去强》《说民》《弱民》《赏刑》《徕民》《慎法》《外内》这八篇大约成书在商鞅死后到秦昭王之间,其中《更法》篇当为战国时的史官所作,余为商鞅后学或当时崇尚商鞅学说的法家者流所作。《算地》《错法》《壹言》《靳令》《修权》《画策》《禁使》《定分》这八篇应该是战国末期至秦始皇统一天下前的作品,其中《定分》篇可能是《商君书》中最晚的作品。而把它们结集成书,则极有可能是在秦始皇统一六国后开始推行"书同文,车同轨"时官方主导下所为。     

语义性别刻板印象对注意返回抑制的影响——来自行为和ERP的证据

采用ERP技术,以线索提示任务检验了性别刻板印象在返回抑制下的激活过程.实验以性别特征词为线索刺激,性别范畴词为目标刺激,要求被试忽略线索与目标语义仅对目标空间位置做出判断.反应时和ERP显示,线索化条件下刻板语义激活对位置判断产生显著影响,体现为女性刻板语义冲突增强了返回抑制.但非线索化条件下未观察到任何效应.实验结果表明,特定任务下性别刻板印象能够诱发注意偏向,但此过程易受注意线索影响,显示其有条件性.     

Parental emotion regulation and preschoolers’ prosocial behavior: The mediating roles of parental warmth and inductive discipline

The potential mediating roles of parental warmth and inductive discipline on the relations of parental emotion regulation strategies to children’s prosocial behavior were examined in this study. Sixty-four parents of preschoolers (50% girls) completed questionnaires assessing their own regulation practices (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression), parenting behaviors (i.e., parental warmth/nurturance, inductive discipline), and children’s prosocial behavior (voluntary behavior intended to benefit another). The authors hypothesized that cognitive reappraisal would be positively and expressive suppression would be negatively related to parenting behaviors and children’s prosocial behavior. They further hypothesized that parental warmth and inductive discipline would mediate the relations between parents’ own regulation strategies and children’s prosocial behavior. Results demonstrated that parental cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with warmth, and expressive suppression was negatively associated with inductive discipline and children’s prosocial behavior. Parental warmth, but not inductive discipline, mediated the relations between cognitive reappraisal and children’s prosocial behavior. The results highlight adults’ own regulatory strategies as predictors of socialization behaviors and the potential processes for socialization of children’s moral emotions and positive social development.     

The effect of electropulsing on dislocation structures in [233] coplanar double-slip-oriented fatigued copper single crystals

The effect of high-current-density electropulsing on dislocation structures in a coplanar double-slip-oriented copper single crystal that had previously been fatigued is reported. The results show that, after electropulsing, vein structures are transformed to cell structures with some dark regions. It is proposed that the thermal compressive stress caused by electropulsing activates a coplanar slip system and leads to strong dislocation interactions between primary and coplanar slip systems, thereby forming cell structures. Partial recrystallization may occur by electropulsing, leading to the appearance of some dark regions.