Different attitudes toward humor between Chinese and American students: evidence from the Implicit Association Test

Although cross-cultural research indicates that Chinese people demonstrate less humor than do Americans, little research addresses the reasons. This cross-cultural difference may be largely due to different implicit attitudes toward humor held by Chinese and Americans, deeply rooted in the two cultural traditions. Both self-report evaluation and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) were used to compare Chinese and American attitudes toward humor. Although 60 Chinese undergraduate students showed no significant difference from 33 American exchange students in explicit attitudes toward humor, the former associated humor more frequently with unpleasant adjectives and seriousness with pleasant adjectives on the IAT; the opposite pattern was found for the American group. This indicated a negative implicit attitude toward humor among the Chinese students.     

再论葛洪的神仙思想

前此曾论述葛洪神仙思想的现代意义,①此再论想谈其历史意义。葛洪的神仙论在道教神仙这个核心信仰方面,有重要的历史和理论意义。主要讨论神仙问题的《抱朴子内篇》,对其以前的神仙思想,作了一次比较全面的总结,并有一     

“合法律性的正当性”何以可能——哈贝马斯对哈特法哲学的批判与修缮

实证主义法学的代表哈特力主道德与法律在概念上无必然联系的分离命题,持"合法律性的正当性"模式,把正当性萎缩成形式程序的合法律性。在哈贝马斯看来,法律实证主义意义上的"合法律性的正当性"取消了对法律正当性之理性基础的考量。他遵循商谈模式的程序路向来重建法律的正当性,从基本立场、论证模式、权利审视及认可方式这四个向度来批判与修缮哈特的法律正当性理论,其"重建式的法律正当性"理论为我们研究法律正当性问题开拓了新的视野。     

Multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle and late life: racial/ethnic variations

This research aims to identify distinct courses of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Americans and to ascertain how these courses vary by race/ethnicity. Data came from the 1995-2006 Health and Retirement Study which involved a national sample of 17,196 Americans over 50 years of age with up to six repeated observations. Depressive symptoms were measured by an abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Semiparametric group based mixture models (Proc Traj) were used for data analysis. Six major trajectories were identified: (a) minimal depressive symptoms (15.9%), (b) low depressive symptoms (36.3%), (c) moderate and stable depressive symptoms (29.2%), (d) high but decreasing depressive symptoms (6.6%), (e) moderate but increasing depressive symptoms (8.3%), and (f) persistently high depressive symptoms (3.6%). Adjustment of time-varying covariates (e.g., income and health conditions) resulted in a similar set of distinct trajectories. Relative to White Americans, Black and Hispanic Americans were significantly more likely to be in trajectories of more elevated depressive symptoms. In addition, they were more likely to experience increasing and decreasing depressive symptoms. Racial and ethnic variations in trajectory groups were partially mediated by SES, marital status, and health conditions, particularly when both interpersonal and intrapersonal differences in these variables were taken into account.     

哲学研究的理论自觉

一、哲学研究的学术性与现实性的双重自觉面向现实和坚持学术,是当代中国哲学研究积淀的宝贵经验。哲学是思想中所把握到的时代和自己时代精神的精华,面向现实生活是哲学的天命。任何真诚的哲学思考不仅深入自然、     

试析爱德华一世驱逐犹太人的原因

1290年英王爱德华一世对犹太人的驱逐是欧洲历史上发生的首次大规模驱犹事件,凭借犹太人对王权的依附,王室对犹太人严重剥削,导致犹太人对王室财政支持能力下降;犹太人从事放贷业引起中小地主的土地流转,集中到教会和大贵族手中,对王权造成了一定程度的威胁;爱德华一世企图鼓励犹太人改宗,但是犹太人对本民族宗教的坚定信仰使国王的政宗政策以失败而告终;英国国内频繁出现的血祭诽谤案引起普通民众反犹情绪高涨,这一切最终导致爱德华一世驱犹事件的出现,并为欧洲大规模驱犹树立了一个样板。     

实验诊断临床思维程序的必要性及其内容

为提高临床实验诊断的效率和准确性,提出编写“实验诊断临床思维程序”的观点。从实验诊断学的特性及发展趋势方面论述了该程序的必要性,并初步拟定了包括项目选择、结果判断和结果应用三个部分的实验诊断临床思维程序。     

全面分析溃疡性结肠炎发病的危险因素

溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异性结肠炎症,是多因素共同作用的综合结果。在研究其发病因素的过程中,应用系统论的方法综合考虑各危险因素的作用,尤其是在新的医学模式下社会心理因素对其的影响,能更加全面的把握溃疡性结肠炎发生的作用机制,从而更好地指导临床治疗的开展。     

肿瘤诊治相关肾损伤的防治决策

肿瘤患者在诊治过程中可能会引起肾脏损伤,如造影剂、化疗和靶向药物的使用等等。如何平衡肿瘤患者在诊治过程中的疗效及安全性,使患者能够接受并完成治疗,延长患者无进展生存和总生存,是肿瘤学界所面临的挑战。     

青少年健康促进行为的调查研究

本研究采用青少年健康促进量表(Adolescent Health Promotion scale,AHP)以长沙市450名中学生为对象,对青少年的健康促进行为水平及其在不同性别、年龄和学校类型上的差异进行了调查和分析。研究结果表明,青少年在人际支持行为上得分最高,而在运动行为上得分最低;经分析,运动行为及人际支持行为上存在明显的性别差异;AHP的六个因子在不同年龄段和学校类型上均呈现显著差异。