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111.
成败情境下不同目标取向学生焦虑的特点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以五、六年级小学生共 2 1 3人为被试 ,采用 3× 2的研究设计 ,考察了在成功和失败情境下三种成就目标取向 (掌握目标取向、成绩接近目标取向和成绩回避目标取向 )的学生焦虑度的差异。结果发现 :(1 )在两种情境下 ,掌握目标取向的学生的焦虑度显著低于其他两组学生 ,而成绩接近目标取向的学生焦虑度与成绩回避目标学生的焦虑度无显著差异 ;(2 )三组学生在失败情境下的焦虑度显著高于成功情境下的焦虑度 相似文献
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At the turn of last century, psychology, including developmental psychology, was introduced into China. Since then, developmental psychology has always been one of the main branches of Chinese psychology. This paper reviews the progress of Chinese developmental psychology in the last century, with special emphasis on its development during the recent 20 years. The paper consists of three sections. The first is a historical review. The 100 years' history of Chinese developmental psychology has been divided into three phases: first half of the 20th century; the period between 1950s and 1970s after the foundation of the People's Republic of China; and the period from the end of the 1970s up to the present. The authors briefly describe the initiation of Chinese developmental psychology, highlighting the research and related work in the field during the three phases. The second section of the paper introduces the research conducted by Chinese developmental psychologists during the last two decades in the following areas: cognitive development, language development, social development and socialization, the study of gifted children, cross‐cultural studies of child development, the study of only children, and the psychology of ageing. This section is the focus of the paper, because in this period, developmental psychology in China has progressed steadily on a sustained course and entered an unprecedented thriving period along with the State opening‐up policy and structural reformation. The last section is an appraisal of the past and prospects for the future. Here, the authors comment on the characteristics and achievements of Chinese developmental psychology in the 20th century and discuss future directions for its further development in terms of research scope and depth, research methods, indigenization, and application. 相似文献
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从历史的角度看,社会科学哲学的历史发展并不存在一个连续和统一的过程.曼尼卡斯(Peter T.Manicas)把社会科学哲学的历史发展大致分为四个阶段,每个阶段都有与之相对应的主题[1]:第一个阶段开始于西方哲学和科学的肇始——主题是古希腊城邦;第二个阶段开始于文艺复兴晚期,延续到法国革命——主题是西方现代性;第三个阶段大约是在19世纪——主题是科学观念与人文科学观念之争;第四个阶段是现在,开始于20世纪50年代——主题是实证主义与反自然主义关于人文科学观念的争论. 相似文献
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中国无神论学会及其理论刊物《科学与无神论》,在文化理论学界已经声誉渐起,学会正副理事长都是社会学界名望人士,群贤突显,累绩名震。学会的刊物独树一帜,在思想理论战线有惊世骇俗 相似文献
118.
Do incompatible arguments cause extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments? The role of congruence between argument compatibility and argument quality 下载免费PDF全文
Cheng‐Hong Liu Hung‐Wei Lee Po‐Sheng Huang Hsueh‐Chih Chen Scott Sommers 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(1):179-198
Previous studies have demonstrated that arguments incompatible with prior beliefs are subjected to more extensive refutational processing, scrutinized longer, and judged to be weaker than arguments compatible with prior beliefs. However, this study suggests whether extensive processing is implemented when evaluating arguments is not decided by argument compatibility, but by congruence between two evaluating tendencies elicited by both argument compatibility and argument quality. Consistent with this perspective, the results of two experiments show that relative to congruent arguments, participants judged arguments eliciting incongruent evaluating tendencies as less extreme in strength, spent more time, and felt more hesitant generating strength judgments for them. The results also show that it is mainly incongruent arguments, not congruent arguments, whose strength ratings were more closely associated with the perceived personal importance of the issue, which intensified the tendency to evaluate arguments depending on argument compatibility. These results suggest that it is the incongruity between argument compatibility and argument quality, and not simply the argument compatibility, that plays a more important role in activating an extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments. 相似文献
119.
Lixia Cui Fan He Zuye Han Ranming Yang Jing Xiao 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2016,66(2):291-307
Depression is a problem among college students in China. Yet the use of preventative group cognitive-behavioral (CB) intervention is rare. One hundred and eighty Chinese college students who were identified as being at risk for depression were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) a brief group cognitive–behavioral (CB) intervention, 2) a supportive group (SG) intervention, and 3) a wait-list control condition. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS) were administered at pre-test, post-test, and six-month follow-up. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted among the three groups revealed that the CB group demonstrated significantly less increase in measures of primary symptoms of anxiety and depression than the wait-list controls at post-test and six-month follow-up. The prevention effect of the SG group was significant only at the six-month follow-up. CB participants also showed significantly greater improvements in social adjustment than did SG participants and controls at the post-test and six-month follow-up. 相似文献
120.
Extensive research has investigated societal and behavioral consequences of social group affiliation and identification but has been relatively silent on the role of perception in intergroup relations. We propose the perceptual model of intergroup relations to conceptualize how intergroup relations are grounded in perception. We review the growing literature on how intergroup dynamics shape perception across different sensory modalities and argue that these perceptual processes mediate intergroup relations. The model provides a starting point for social psychologists to study perception as a function of social group dynamics and for perception researchers to consider social influences. We highlight several gaps in the literature and outline areas for future research. Uncovering the role of perception in intergroup relations offers novel insights into the construction of shared reality and may help devise new and unique interventions targeted at the perceptual level. 相似文献