Quality of Life and Recycling Behaviour in High-Rise Buildings: A Case in Hong Kong

Many researchers, environmentalists and economists have made tremendous efforts to enable polices and measures for waste recycling, to improve the quality of the public living environment and to achieve a better quality of everyday life. This study examined the quality of life (QOL) in high-rise buildings in relation to sustainability. It investigated household recycling behaviour and explored the QOL factors that affect such behaviour. Two models based on different types of recycling behaviour were estimated: 1) a model for the use of public recycling facilities (UPRF) and 2) a model for the use of private recycling sectors (UPRS). Data were collected through a survey of 505 residents in two old districts of Hong Kong. The assessment of QOL included consideration for the physical settings, the socio-demographic variables and the respondents’ attitudes on recycling and living environments. The research methods involved questionnaires and interviews. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to interpret the data collected through the questionnaires. The findings indicated that UPRF can be significantly predicted by physical settings and by satisfaction with the location of facilities, with the residents’ participation and with the quality of the neighbourhood and accommodation. UPRS can be significantly predicted by housing type, income and the availability of private recycling sectors. These findings also indicate some directions for researchers and policymakers to consider. These directions concern how environments and public facilities should be designed to encourage sustainable behaviour and enable a better QOL without compromising environmental sustainability.     

词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响：眼动证据

英文阅读研究发现词长对眼跳目标选择有重要影响,阅读等词长的句子时,长词的偏好眼跳长度比短词更长。但是中文文本没有词间空格,读者难以从副中央凹获取词长信息,所以基于英文阅读得出的结果是否适用于中文阅读尚不清楚。本研究采用等词长句子阅读范式,使用全部由单字词或双字词组成的句子或由各种词长的词汇组成的混合句作为实验材料,考察词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响。结果发现,中文阅读中的眼跳长度会随词长变化而变化,双字词句的眼跳入长度和眼跳出长度均显著长于单字词句,支持了基于词中心的眼跳长度假设;同时,实验也发现混合句中的双字词的眼跳长度和双字词句中双字词的眼跳长度没有显著差异,支持了基于加工情况的眼跳目标选择策略;综合二者,说明中文阅读中,读者眼跳目标选择可能建立在副中央凹对词长信息加工的基础之上。     

Look-ahead content balancing method in variable-length computerized classification testing

Content balancing is one of the most important issues in computerized classification testing. To adapt to variable-length forms, special treatments are needed to successfully control content constraints without knowledge of test length during the test. To this end, we propose the notions of ‘look-ahead’ and ‘step size’ to adaptively control content constraints in each item selection step. The step size gives a prediction of the number of items to be selected at the current stage, that is, how far we will look ahead. Two look-ahead content balancing (LA-CB) methods, one with a constant step size and another with an adaptive step size, are proposed as feasible solutions to balancing content areas in variable-length computerized classification testing. The proposed LA-CB methods are compared with conventional item selection methods in variable-length tests and are examined with different classification methods. Simulation results show that, integrated with heuristic item selection methods, the proposed LA-CB methods result in fewer constraint violations and can maintain higher classification accuracy. In addition, the LA-CB method with an adaptive step size outperforms that with a constant step size in content management. Furthermore, the LA-CB methods generate higher test efficiency while using the sequential probability ratio test classification method.     

论脑内信息加工的模式转变

根据认知过程的实验事实 ,讨论脑内信息加工模式的转变过程 ,提出脑内信息加工模式两类转变的理论 ,即模式转变可分为短时程模式转变和长时程模式转变两类 ,它们具有不同的机制     

新世纪综合性大学医学教育的发展方向与对策

新世纪综合性大学医学教育如何发展,如何建设,如何利用好多学科的优势是我国一些高等学校在联合、合并后亟需解决的问题。结合我校的实际情况,从这方面做了一些探索,主要论述了新世纪医学教育的发展趋势和走向,以及办好综合性大学医学教育所采取的对策和思路。     

对话：医学人人文中的普世关怀与公共理性

对话主张,我们不妨暂时放弃最高限度的理想化方式（终极关怀）,转而寻求宽容、宽泛前提下的公共理性,医学不仅是科学的,更是人文的。而要推动技术教育至上背景下生长的一代青年学子完成这样一次沉重的转向,有两门学科不可绕过,一门是科学史,另一门是科学哲学。     

海马齿状回突触效应的习得性长时程增强

本实验应用慢性埋植电极技术以电生理学给合行为学的方法,观察大白鼠海马齿状回在以视觉和味觉信号为条件信号的条件反应的建立、巩固和消退过程中突触效应的变化。结果表明在明暗辨别学习中出现突触效应长时程增强(LTD),其保持时间的长短与巩固性训练的多少呈正相关,LTP消退,习得行为也消退。对照实验证明它并非测试本身所引起,提示此习得性LTP与学习和记忆活动是密切相关的。但在建立条件性味觉厌恶中,却无LTP出现。这就从突触水平上进一步证明我们提出的海马在不同感觉信息的记忆活动中其作用是不同的及海马不仅在记忆的形成,而且在其保持和再现中也有重要作用的观点。     

激光用光导纤维导入大鼠皮层额叶和尾状核对纹状体的单胺类和氨基酸类神经介质含量的影响

迄今为止,激光在脑研究和临床应用上,主要是利用高功率激光做为手术刀、激光武器及其防护等方面。即使在这方面、由于激光辐照的穿透力很小,限制了它的应用。对于它们的基础研究多见为皮肤和血液肝脏细胞和神经细胞生理生化指标的改     

胸腺肽对心理应激引起老年大鼠免疫功能降低的改善作用

研究胸腺肽作为一种免疫增强剂,是否参与调节应激对免疫系统的作用,心理应激采用可控／不可控电击的模型。结果表明,受到６天,每天半小时的可控或不可控的足底电击后,与不受电南的对照组相比,不可控组老年大鼠的免疫功能明显下降,而可控组没有明显变化．;肾上腺糖皮质激素的分泌量在受到电击后显著升高。     

削弱效应是否存在：工作场所中内外动机的关系

外部动机是否削弱内部动机？已有研究结论并不一致。澄清这一问题的有效途径是对外部动机的恰当分类。研究以165名企业员工为研究对象, 针对动机的动态性特点, 采用两时点纵向研究的方法, 以自我决定理论对外部动机的分类为基础, 探讨3种不同内化程度的外部动机--外在动机、内射动机和认同动机与内部动机的关系及外部动机内化程度与自主支持的关系。研究结果表明：(1)控制性、非内化的外部动机, 即外在动机和内射动机削弱员工的内部动机; (2)自主性、内化的外部动机, 即认同动机不会削弱员工的内部动机, 而是促进和保护内部动机; (3)自主支持环境促进员工外部动机内化的程度(即认同动机的增加)。最后, 研究对所取得结果的管理意义进行了讨论。