中学生助人方式的决策问题研究

选取７２名中学生做被试,通过自然实验和量表测试及问卷调查的方法,研究他们助人方式的决策问题。实验结果显示绝大多数中学生在助人方式上采取的是习惯型的决策模式。通过对实验班实施我们设计的“决策系统训练法”,可显著地提高他们的助人决策能力和亲社会行为的水平,并将其决策模式转化为科学型的决策模式。这项技术在青少年品德教育中颇有价值。     

Org-2766对小鼠学习记忆的影响及其与脑内蛋白质合成的关系

以一次性被动回避反应和Y-迷宫分辨学习为学习记忆模型,研究了Org-2766对小鼠学习记忆的影响。结果表明:Org-2766能延缓小鼠被动回避反应的消退;促进分辨学习,并能改善由于注射茴香霉素而引起的遗忘。 以海马、丘脑突触体对[~3H]-亮氨酸的摄取影响,探讨了Org-2766促进记忆的作用与蛋白质合成的关系。结果表明:茴香霉素抑制海马、丘脑突触体摄取[~3H]-亮氨酸;Org-2766可减轻该抑制作用,使摄取量基本恢复正常。提示:Org-2766促进记忆的作用可能与脑内蛋白质有关。     

编纂出版《老子集成》研讨会在国家宗教事务局召开

2008年2月2日,国家宗教事务局局长叶小文,副局长王作安、齐晓飞、蒋坚永,在局办公室主任张乐斌、一司司长徐远杰、人事司司长庞贵林等的陪同下,来到北京白云观看望慰问中国道教协会负责人并与之进行了座谈.     

彼彻姆和查瑞斯的生命伦理原则主义进路评析

彼彻姆和查瑞斯的原则主义是现代生命伦理学领域最具影响力的伦理分析进路,它在得到广泛支持和认可的同时也遭到越来越多的批评.有关彼彻姆和查瑞斯原则主义的争论凸显出道德境遇在生命伦理分析中的重要性,同时也暴露出彼彻姆和查瑞斯原则主义认识论和方法论上的一些弱点.尽管如此,彼彻姆和查瑞斯原则主义基于自身的一些合理性与必要性仍有可能在未来的生命伦理学领域以不断改进了的形式发挥重要作用.     

大学生的语言学习观念与英语学习策略研究

通过问卷对606名大学生进行调查,考察其语言学习观念和英语学习策略的特点及关系。结果表明:(1)在语言学习观念上,女生比男生的英语学习动机更强,大一女生明显认为英语学习难度大,外语学能观念随年级的升高而增强,文科生比理科生认为英语学习难度大,学习动机更强;(2)在英语学习策略上,性别、年级与6种策略都有一定关系,文科生在元认知、社交、情感、补偿、认知5种策略上的运用都显著高于理科生;(3)语言学习观念与英语学习策略有密切的关系。     

Longitudinal relationships between gratitude,deliberate rumination,and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Wenchuan earthquake in China

To examine the longitudinal relationship between gratitude, deliberate rumination and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the adolescent survivors after the Wenchuan earthquake, 217 adolescent survivors were randomly selected from several primary and secondary schools in the county of Wenchuan, and were assessed by questionnaires at three and a half years (T1), four and a half years (T2), five and a half years (T3) after the Wenchuan earthquake, respectively. The results found that there was a one‐way predictive relationship of gratitude onto PTG from T1 to T3, and gratitude predicted deliberate rumination from T1 to T2 but not T2 to T3. Deliberate rumination only had a significant positive effect on PTG from T2 to T3, and PTG only predicted deliberate rumination from T1 to T2. These results indicated that gratitude could be a stable predictive factor for the development of PTG, and gratitude could also affect PTG by deliberate rumination. In addition, the predictive effect between deliberate rumination and PTG is unstable with time change.     

初中二年级学生学习困难、人际关系、自我接纳对心理健康的影响

以134名初中二年级学生为被试,采用协方差结构模型对学习困滩、人际关系、自我接纳与心理健康的关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)学习困难对心理健康有显著的负面影响;自我接纳对心理健康有显著的正面影响.(2)学习困难对亲子关系和师生关系有显著负面影响.(3)亲子关系对自我接纳有显著的正面影响.     

面孔部件相似性判断研究

用Morph变形方法构建家族相似性面孔部件样例,采用多级估量法探讨分类活动中面孔部件相似性判断问题。结果发现,部件样例对部件原型的隶属度及部件样例对整体原型中对应部件的隶属度与部件样例变形百分比间是3次函数关系;耳朵、脸型、眼睛等部件样例对整体原型中对应部件的隶属度小于其对部件原型的隶属度,嘴巴样例对整体原型中嘴巴部件的隶属度高于其对部件原型的隶属度。表明面孔部件物理相似性与心理相似性间是3次函数关系;整体原型中其他部件降低了耳朵、脸型、眼睛等部件样例对整体原型中对应部件的隶属度,而提高了嘴巴样例对整体原     

Therapist orientation,supervisor match,and therapeutic interventions: Implications for session quality in a psychotherapy training PRN

Background: Theoretical orientation is a multifaceted construct that is integral to the process of psychotherapy and psychotherapy training. While some research has been conducted on personal identification with particular schools of psychotherapy, techniques used in psychotherapy sessions, and match between trainees and supervisors in training, there is insufficient information regarding how these may interact with one another. Aim: This study, conducted in a practice research network of trainee therapists, was designed to test whether these variables may be related to one another in predicting session quality. Method: The sample comprised 328 sessions from 26 clients and 11 therapists, with the clients completing session quality measures and therapists completing measures of technique immediately post‐session. Results: Using multilevel linear modelling, the data showed varied results. For behavioural therapy and person‐centred therapy, techniques and orientation were unrelated to session quality in the sample. However, process‐experiential, psychodynamic, and cognitive therapy techniques were all involved in interactions with therapist and/or supervisor orientations. Conclusions: These results suggest that the impact of specific psychotherapy techniques sometimes depends on the orientation of the therapist and/or supervisor. For instance, sessions high in cognitive therapy techniques were only associated with positive outcome when both the therapist and supervisor were highly cognitively oriented. Though preliminary, these results suggest that orientation may be an important variable to consider in training and supervision, especially in the context of other variables.     

Judging the health and attractiveness of female faces: is the most attractive level of facial adiposity also considered the healthiest?

Perceived facial adiposity plays an important role in perceptions of both facial attractiveness and health, but people might differentiate between the level of adiposity they find most attractive and healthy. The aim of this study was therefore to test whether or not similar levels of adiposity in faces were preferred for judgments of health and attractiveness. Fifty-three Caucasian university students were asked to make three-dimensional female faces appear as healthy and attractive as possible by changing faces along a continuum that portrays the facial adiposity change associated with a change in body mass index. Results showed that women preferred a significantly lower level of facial adiposity when judging attractiveness than when judging health, while men did not differentiate between the 'most attractive' and 'most healthy' looking level of facial adiposity. These findings are discussed in terms of the sociocultural portrayal of female body ideals and the preference for healthy individuals.