心理复原的机制：来自特质性复原力个体的证据

心理复原(力)是指个体在经历对生命具有威胁的事件或严重的创伤后仍然能回复到良好适应状况的心理发展现象。基于能力取向的文献表明, 积极情绪性、情绪调节是特质性复原力机制研究的重要内容; 脑岛和前额叶(特别是vmPFC和OFC)是其敏感的脑区; 作用于杏仁核脑区的5-羟色胺转运蛋白与特质性复原力密切相关。基于这些研究结果, 提出积极情绪与(自动、有意)情绪调节交互作用的双重加工理论和根据实际需要调节情绪的情绪灵活性理论。未来的研究应该就情绪记忆、人格特质等在心理复原中的作用进行探讨。     

Subjective Well-Being and Its Determinant from A Study of Beijing＇s Urban Elderly

Abstract This study was designed to obtain an understanding of the subjective well - being ( SWB ) status amongChina‘s urban elderly, and to find out the major factors that could influence the status in question. Our survey wasconducted of 233 urban elderly individuals, and the data was statistically examined by multiple regression analysiswith the results that: 1 ) The SWB of China‘ s urban elderly was relatively high as only 4.5 96 of all respondentsconsidered themselves unhappy or very unhappy; 2) Major factors that had an influence on SWB included economicresource, mobility, age and social support; and 3 ) Five demographic variables accounted for 18.6 96 of the variancein SWB, which was slightly higher than that of foreign findings. It is concluded that financial security, active par-ticipation in physical and social activities, and social support are necessary for the improvement of the SWB of the el-derly.     

从“思辨哲学”到“文化哲学”的转向

20世纪以来,思辨哲学向文化哲学的转向昭示了时代对哲学的呼唤.思辨哲学将世界二重化,这既是它的理论前提也是其思想结果;以逻辑方法的科学性为开端,以信念方法的非科学性而终结;以宇宙本体为开端以理性概念认识为终结.     

学习型团队三维特征结构与团队效能关系的现场实验研究

本研究用现场实验的方法对作者提出的学习型团队三维特征结构与团队效能关系模型进行了实证研究。结果表明：学习型团队三维特征结构可以显著地影响团队效能。实验组在团队学习、团队角色、团队授权三维水平上与对照组相比均有非常显著的差异,在质量合格率上明显好于对照组。改善团队学习、团队角色、团队授权三维水平对提高我国现阶段企业的组织效率有重要价值。     

A Big‐Five Personality Profile of the Adaptor and Innovator

This study explored the relationship between two creative styles (adaptor and innovator) and the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience). 164 teachers from 3 secondary and 2 primary schools in Singapore completed a self‐report questionnaire, which consisted of the Kirton Adaption‐Innovation Inventory and the NEO‐Five Factor Inventory. It was found that adaptors were significantly more conscientious than innovators, while innovators were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than adaptors. No significant differences were found between adaptors and innovators in neuroticism and agreeableness. The study also revealed a meaningful pattern of relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the three facet scales of the KAI. Specifically, Sufficiency of Originality was negatively correlated with Openness to Experience and Extraversion; Rule Governance was positively correlated with conscientiousness but negatively correlated with openness to experience; Efficiency was positively correlated with conscientiousness. The overall findings supported the fundamental contention that different creative styles were due to different combinations of personality traits, with adaptors being more conscientious, while innovators being more extraverted and open to experience. These personality‐based differences in creative styles between adaptors and innovators had resulted in much social conflict between them. One way of resolving it is to make known the nature and value of different creative styles to these two different types of creators.     

汉字学习与儿童分析能力和综合能力的关系

以小学二、三年级儿童为对象,探讨汉字学习与儿童分析能力和综合能力的关系。结果表明,汉字学习水平与儿童综合操作水平之间存在密切关系,总体上来说,汉字学习水平高者其综合操作水平也高：汉字学习水平与儿童分析操作水平之间不存在密切关系。     

幼儿的情绪认知发展及其与社会行为发展的关系研究

研究通过采用家庭情绪表露问卷、表情辨识程序和幼儿社会行为教师评估问卷,对82名3～4岁幼儿的家庭情绪表露气氛、情绪认知和社会行为表现进行测查,并分析三者间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)幼儿的情绪认知与其亲社会行为和退缩行为显著相关;(2)家庭情绪表露与幼儿情绪认知发展显著相关;(3)家庭情绪表露可能通过影响幼儿的情绪认知发展,进而影响幼儿的社会行为表现。     

人类干细胞研究的伦理学争论

关于干细胞研究的伦理学争论越来越成为热门话题。2000年8月23日,美国卫生研究所颁布了涉及人类多能胚胎干细胞研究的指南。指南允许联邦政府资助的研究者进行干细胞研究,但是按照布什总统2001年8月9日的决定,政府只资助有限制的干细胞研究。而在英国、法国、日本、澳洲、以及其他国家,干细胞研究不仅在私人的实验室里而且也在政府的实验室里进行着。无论如何,人类干细胞研究应该按照一定规范谨慎进行。     

制约研究生科研选题的几点因素

研究生的科研选题的意义是十分重要的,除了作为培养未来的科研人才的一条有效途径以外,研究生的科研方向代表着目前各研究领域的最基础部分,但是,由于学生自身的各种主观因素以及学校和社会的多种客观因素导致了目前的局面：只有好的愿望达不到好的目的。要推动整个社会的科技进步,需要更深入更长远对人才的培养问题进一步思考。     

危机管理在急诊护理管理中的应用

本文概述了急诊护理危机管理的含义,分析了当前急诊科护理危机的隐患因素,并进一步探讨危机管理在急诊护理管理中应用时的具体措施。阐述了强化危机管理在现代急诊护理管理中的重要作用,提出应最大限度防范与控制急诊护理危机,全面提高急诊科护理管理水平。