宗教对精神文明建设的影响--对苏北农村信教现象分析及思考

自改革开放以来,在宗教信仰自由和宽松的社会环境下,农村信教人数增长很快,信教活动有正规合法的,也有非正规不合法的。正如任何事情都有两面性一样,信教现象也不例外。对此现象,我们必须加以重视,对青少年加强科学和无神论世界观的教育与引导,培养出具有共产主义远大理想的社会主义建设人才,促进社会主义精神文明的健康发展。     

学生封建迷信问题探析

一、学生封建迷信活动的现状1.学生封建迷信活动的种类多。在各种各样的学生封建迷信活动中,影响比较大的有以下四种:(1)请笔仙、碟仙、镜仙等游戏。这些游戏在大学和中学的女生中间广为流行,且被传得神乎其神,说它们能“通灵过去、预测未来”。其中最为流行的当属所谓的请笔仙游戏。这是一种假定有神仙存在,可以帮助玩家做决定的游戏,它来源于我国古代扶乩请仙这种迷信活动。笔仙游戏一定要在晚上熄灯点蜡后进行,一般是两玩家手指交叉,把一支铅笔夹于指间,手腕悬空,仅用笔尖轻轻点在白纸上,闭眼默念“笔仙快来吧”,然后根据笔尖画出的痕迹…     

An improved stochastic EM algorithm for large-scale full-information item factor analysis

In this paper, we explore the use of the stochastic EM algorithm (Celeux & Diebolt (1985) Computational Statistics Quarterly, 2, 73) for large-scale full-information item factor analysis. Innovations have been made on its implementation, including an adaptive-rejection-based Gibbs sampler for the stochastic E step, a proximal gradient descent algorithm for the optimization in the M step, and diagnostic procedures for determining the burn-in size and the stopping of the algorithm. These developments are based on the theoretical results of Nielsen (2000, Bernoulli, 6, 457), as well as advanced sampling and optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and virtually tuning-free, making it scalable to large-scale data with many latent traits (e.g. more than five latent traits) and easy to use for practitioners. Standard errors of parameter estimation are also obtained based on the missing-information identity (Louis, 1982, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 44, 226). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation studies and an application to the analysis of the IPIP-NEO personality inventory. Extensions of the proposed algorithm to other latent variable models are discussed.     

Relation matters: relative depth order is stored in working memory for depth

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Working memory is considered as a cognitive memory buffer for temporarily holding, processing, and manipulating information. Although working memory for verbal...     

Seeking harmony in Chinese families: A dyadic analysis on Chinese parent‒child relations

Based on Leung, Koch, and Lu’s (2002) dualistic harmony model, we examined the relations of two harmony‐seeking behaviors—harmony enhancement and disintegration avoidance—to family functioning among 177 Hong Kong Chinese adolescent?parent dyads. Structural equation modeling results showed that adolescent‐rated harmony enhancement was positively related to adolescent‐rated family functioning whereas parent‐rated harmony enhancement was positively related to parent‐rated family functioning. Disintegration avoidance, however, was not related to family functioning in the two samples. Furthermore, no significant cross‐path association between harmony‐seeking behaviors and family functioning was identified, meaning that the harmony‐seeking behaviors of adolescents and their parents did not relate to each other’s perception of family functioning. Implications of these findings to our understanding of family in Chinese culture are discussed.     

语言功能偏侧化及其与利手、功能连接的关系

对大脑语言功能偏侧化的探索起始于早期对脑损伤病人的研究。现代脑影像学研究发现, 语言功能偏侧化涉及额叶、颞叶、扣带回、梭状回和辅助运动区等脑区。语言偏侧化与利手和静息态功能连接之间的关系表现为：右利手的语言优势位于左半球, 而左利手的则分布在左半球、右半球或两个半球; 语言功能偏侧化与利手系数、静息态半球内功能连接之间具有正相关关系, 与半球间功能连接呈负相关, 并且语言功能偏侧化与静息态功能连接之间的关系在左右利手个体之间存在差异。总之, 大脑语言功能偏侧化、利手和静息态功能连接三者之间存在相互影响, 基于脑连接和遗传机制的研究将有望揭示出其底层的神经生理机制。     

Gender Differences in the Creativity–Academic Achievement Relationship: A Study from China

This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between creativity and academic achievement. A sample of 1082 primary students participated in this study in Beijing, China. Their age ranged between 8 and 15 years old (M = 10.41, SD = 0.99). Students’ creativity was measured by the Chinese version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Figural Form A, and academic achievement was based on students’ self-reported grades of last semester. Results revealed that there was a significantly positive relationship between creativity and academic achievement, ranging from r = .07 to r = .21. Gender differences regarding which aspects of creativity were related to academic achievement were also found. Plausible explanations and implications of the findings in creativity research and education are discussed.     

Jeffrey Meets Kolmogorov

Journal of Philosophical Logic - Jeffrey conditionalization is a rule for updating degrees of belief in light of uncertain evidence. It is usually assumed that the partitions involved in Jeffrey...     

How mindfulness affects benign and malicious envy from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model

At present, mindfulness is a hotspot in psychological research. Mindfulness is an effective tool that enables people to effectively inhibit negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that envy is a typical negative emotion; however, envy can be divided into two completely different types: benign envy and malicious envy. The question then arises, how does mindfulness affect both types of envy? Using a mindfulness reperceiving model, we explored the effect of mindfulness on these two different types of envy and on the mediating mechanism of psychological resilience. To accomplish this, we recruited 676 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BEMAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results we obtained showed that mindfulness and psychological resilience significantly and negatively predicted malicious envy and that psychological resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant effect between mindfulness and benign envy; however, psychological resilience can significantly and positively predict benign envy and played a completely mediating role between mindfulness and benign envy. These results effectively extend theories based on the mindfulness reperceiving model while also being important for promoting benign envy and inhibiting malicious envy in terms of improving mindfulness and psychological resilience.     

社会关系与社会形式的文本意义新探——《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》对马克思思想分界意义的再思考

传统认识中,一般认为《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》“在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和”,可以作为马克思与费尔巴哈理论分野的重要标志。但是,这忽视了《巴黎手稿》中,马克思承认费尔巴哈已经表述了同样的思想。在社会理论上,马克思真正超越费尔巴哈之处,在于《提纲》第六条的“批判”和第七条的“一定的社会形式”。依托这两个概念,马克思通过分析具体的、阶段性的社会形式,追求社会形态进步的基本取向,彰显了历史唯物主义的基本思想。对这方面的重新厘清,对今日中国现实启蒙和现代化批判具有极大的借鉴意义。