韩-汉跨语言词义水平的重复知盲效应*

关于语义水平的重复知盲效应一直存在争论。本研究考察非平衡韩-汉双语者在语言内和语言间词义水平的RB效应。实验1采用韩语双字词为实验材料探究韩语语言内的RB效应,结果表明在韩语词汇水平存在RB效应。实验2采用两个关键词为韩语（R1）和汉语（R2）双字词,并通过韩-汉语间隔词W的语言类型变化探究韩、汉语言间的RB效应,结果表明：不同语言类型的间隔词的正确率有显著差异,语义重复词R2在重复条件的正确率显著高于非重复条件,出现语义重复启动效应。本研究结论是：（1）在韩语语言内词水平存在RB效应,具有语言类型普遍性;（2）韩、汉跨语言语义水平出现语义重复启动效应,而未发生RB效应,表明双语者在加工韩、汉两种语言时,采用分别形式表征和共享语义表征的方式。     

青少年的乐观与创伤后成长的关系:希望与反刍的中介作用

采用创伤暴露程度问卷、乐观问卷、希望问卷、反刍问卷和创伤后成长问卷,以雅安地震2.5年后的416名中学生为被试,考察其乐观、希望、反刍与创伤后成长（PTG）之间的关系。结果发现,在控制创伤暴露程度后,雅安地震2.5年后青少年的乐观可以直接正向预测PTG,也可以经过希望来间接地正向预测PTG,还可以通过希望经主动反刍的多重中介来正向预测PTG;甚至乐观还可以通过侵入性反刍经主动反刍间接地负向预测PTG,但预测作用远小于乐观对PTG的促进作用;乐观通过希望不能经侵入性反刍对PTG发挥显著的直接和间接预测作用,且乐观还不能直接通过主动反刍促进PTG。     

Bilingualism alters children's frontal lobe functioning for attentional control

Bilingualism is a typical linguistic experience, yet relatively little is known about its impact on children's cognitive and brain development. Theories of bilingualism suggest that early dual‐language acquisition can improve children's cognitive abilities, specifically those relying on frontal lobe functioning. While behavioral findings present much conflicting evidence, little is known about its effects on children's frontal lobe development. Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the findings suggest that Spanish–English bilingual children (n = 13, ages 7–13) had greater activation in left prefrontal cortex during a non‐verbal attentional control task relative to age‐matched English monolinguals. In contrast, monolinguals (n = 14) showed greater right prefrontal activation than bilinguals. The present findings suggest that early bilingualism yields significant changes to the functional organization of children's prefrontal cortex for attentional control and carry implications for understanding how early life experiences impact cognition and brain development.     

Reference directions and reference objects in spatial memory of a briefly viewed layout

Two experiments investigated participants' spatial memory of a briefly viewed layout. Participants saw an array of five objects on a table and, after a short delay, indicated whether the target object indicated by the experimenter had been moved. Experiment 1 showed that change detection was more accurate when non-target objects were stationary than when non-target objects were moved. This context effect was observed when participants were tested both at the original learning perspective and at a novel perspective. In Experiment 2, the arrays of five objects were presented on a rectangular table and two of the non-target objects were aligned with the longer axis of the table. Change detection was more accurate when the target object was presented with the two objects that were aligned with the longer axis of the table during learning than when the target object was presented with the two objects that were not aligned with the longer axis of the table during learning. These results indicated that the spatial memory of a briefly viewed layout has interobject spatial relations represented and utilizes an allocentric reference direction.     

试论网络视域中的宗教传播——以佛教网站为例

本文以佛教网站为例讨论网络视域中的宗教传播.认为佛教网站就是有独立域名、独立服务器、独立IP地址或虚拟主机的以传播、交流、弘扬佛教教义、佛教文化、佛教精神为主旨的网站;而且,现有的佛教网站,虽然主体上多属宗教的网络化,但其局部也正在具有在线宗教的某些特质.以此,作为网络传播之主体的网站主办者便应以最大化宗教的积极功能为第一要务.     

中庸思想与“无被害人犯罪”刑事立法政策的哲学反思

二战后,受民主主义、自由观念、人权运动和非法律化倾向的影响,非犯罪化运动成为欧美刑事政策与刑法改革运动的重要内容.而首先成为非犯罪化实践对象的就是"无被害人犯罪".     

历史唯物主义在全球化时代的适用性

一问题的提出 今天,右派和左派知识分子都在挑战马克思主义、社会主义和历史唯物主义传统的当代适用性.右派知识分子如福山提出历史终结论,认为自由民主制度也许是"人类意识形态发展的终点"和"人类最后的一种统治形式".而左派也在质疑阶级分析和生产方式等概念是否适用于当下的历史情境.     

论脑内信息加工的模式转变

根据认知过程的实验事实 ,讨论脑内信息加工模式的转变过程 ,提出脑内信息加工模式两类转变的理论 ,即模式转变可分为短时程模式转变和长时程模式转变两类 ,它们具有不同的机制     

Look-ahead content balancing method in variable-length computerized classification testing

Content balancing is one of the most important issues in computerized classification testing. To adapt to variable-length forms, special treatments are needed to successfully control content constraints without knowledge of test length during the test. To this end, we propose the notions of ‘look-ahead’ and ‘step size’ to adaptively control content constraints in each item selection step. The step size gives a prediction of the number of items to be selected at the current stage, that is, how far we will look ahead. Two look-ahead content balancing (LA-CB) methods, one with a constant step size and another with an adaptive step size, are proposed as feasible solutions to balancing content areas in variable-length computerized classification testing. The proposed LA-CB methods are compared with conventional item selection methods in variable-length tests and are examined with different classification methods. Simulation results show that, integrated with heuristic item selection methods, the proposed LA-CB methods result in fewer constraint violations and can maintain higher classification accuracy. In addition, the LA-CB method with an adaptive step size outperforms that with a constant step size in content management. Furthermore, the LA-CB methods generate higher test efficiency while using the sequential probability ratio test classification method.     

词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响：眼动证据

英文阅读研究发现词长对眼跳目标选择有重要影响,阅读等词长的句子时,长词的偏好眼跳长度比短词更长。但是中文文本没有词间空格,读者难以从副中央凹获取词长信息,所以基于英文阅读得出的结果是否适用于中文阅读尚不清楚。本研究采用等词长句子阅读范式,使用全部由单字词或双字词组成的句子或由各种词长的词汇组成的混合句作为实验材料,考察词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响。结果发现,中文阅读中的眼跳长度会随词长变化而变化,双字词句的眼跳入长度和眼跳出长度均显著长于单字词句,支持了基于词中心的眼跳长度假设;同时,实验也发现混合句中的双字词的眼跳长度和双字词句中双字词的眼跳长度没有显著差异,支持了基于加工情况的眼跳目标选择策略;综合二者,说明中文阅读中,读者眼跳目标选择可能建立在副中央凹对词长信息加工的基础之上。