网络成瘾的诊断及其治疗

本文从网络成瘾的心理测量评定、临床评定和诊断、心理行为治疗和临床药物治疗四个方面,介绍了国内外对网络成瘾的诊断和治疗研究.问卷和量表是诊断网络成瘾最直接和主要的形式,同时也出现了结合临床精神病学特征诊断网络成瘾的研究.对网络成瘾的干预和治疗主要是心理行为治疗,临床和药物的治疗还比较少.最后对现有诊断和治疗研究中存在的一些问题进行了总结和评述.     

薪酬满意度的测量及其作用机制研究:以政府雇员为例

Heneman和Schwab (1985)开发的薪酬满意度问卷(Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire,PSQ)是当前关于薪酬满意度测量的重要工具.但遗憾的是,20多年来关于PSQ的研究一致存在争议,主要是因为对PSQ的结构并没有得到统一的认识,已有研究发现薪酬满意度的因子数量(或维度)可能包括2-5个;而且关于PSQ的研究几乎都来自西方国家,很少有来自中国文化背景下的.本文对PSQ在中国背景下的结构进行检验,通过对上海市徐汇区政府雇员的研究,发现在中国背景下薪酬满意度是一个单一维度构思变量.本文还进一步对薪酬满意度的作用机制进行了讨论.     

Intrinsic reading motivation of Chinese preschoolers and its relationships with home literacy

The relationship between intrinsic motivation and home literacy of preschoolers was explored. One hundred and seventy-seven preschool children (3.8 to 6.6 years old) in Mainland China and one of the parents who primarily took care of each child participated in the study. Six indicators were considered as a measure of home literacy. Results showed that after controlling for parents' education level and children's age, three home literacy indicators-parental model of reading behaviour, number of books, and years of character teaching-could explain children's intrinsic reading motivation. Contrary to previous Western studies, Chinese children's freedom of book choice was not related to their intrinsic reading motivation. Results are discussed in the context of culture differences.     

Perceived deep-level dissimilarity: Personality antecedents and impact on overall job attitude, helping, work withdrawal, and turnover

The current research extends three research areas in relational demography: considering deep-level dissimilarity in theory building, assessing dissimilarity perceptions directly in theory testing, and examining the antecedents of dissimilarity perceptions. The results, based on two field studies using diverse samples, demonstrate the effects of enduring personality traits of Extraversion and Agreeableness on an individual’s perceived deep-level dissimilarity to coworkers in the workgroup, and the effects of perceived deep-level dissimilarity beyond the effects of actual dissimilarity and perceived surface-level dissimilarity on critical work outcomes, including the individual’s overall job attitude, and behaviors of helping, work withdrawal, and actual voluntary turnover.     

精神分裂症患者的记忆损害

摘 要 目的 探讨精神分裂症患者记忆损害状况。方法 采用修正的加工分离记忆实验程序,分别测试精神分裂症患者和正常对照组的记忆能力。结果 （1）精神分裂症患者外显记忆功能存在广泛的缺陷,而内隐记忆功能缺陷只在概念驱动下的测验中出现。（2）以阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的外显记忆成绩均高于以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者。(3)阴性症状严重程度与外显记忆成绩呈显著负相关。结论 精神分裂症患者的内隐记忆功能相对完整,而外显记忆障碍在以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者尤为突出。     

Quantified or nonquantified: How quantification affects consumers' motivation in goal pursuit

Being exposed to more data and devices with tracking functions than ever, quantification is concerned by an increasing number of consumers. The self‐reflection from data may raise consumers' awareness of their own goals to better modify their behaviors. This paper describes consumers' reaction to quantification and confirms its motivational effect in goal pursuit. First, we investigate the motivational effect of quantification and reveal its internal mechanism from the individual–community perspective. Results show that quantification can promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation. A quantified (vs. nonquantified) way to track progress in pursuit of a goal can strengthen consumers' self‐empowerment (individual level) and difference‐insight (community level), thus enhancing the goal pursuit motivation. Second, we explore the moderating effect of some factors on the motivational effect of quantification. Results confirm that self‐empowerment can be enhanced with high data–color consistency, and difference‐insight can be increased with low outcome–process consistency. Third, we identify the validity of various data presentation modes. Using the interactive progress framing (to date with to go) together with the several subunits mode to deliver data in different progress stages is found to be an effective way to promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation.     

主观概率判断的支持理论

支持理论是一个关于主观概率判断的非外延性理论,它有以下几个主要观点：1.主观概率判断受到描述的影响,具有描述的依赖性;2.主观概率判断的结果是判断者对中心假设的相对支持的反映;3.主观概率在二元判断中表现出二元互补性,在多元判断中表现出次可加性;4.主观概率判断存在分解效应和促进效应     

句法加工的脑机制

语言理解中,句法加工至关重要,它把各个意义单元以不同的方式整合起来,从而形成整体的意义表征。句法加工的脑机制是心理语言学比较关注的问题,目前由于ERP技术和功能成像技术的进步,使对这一机制的探讨成为可能。该文对有关句法加工的脑机制的研究进行了回顾与总结,并针对目前该领域存在的问题与争论进行了讨论     

患者拒绝签署紧急手术知情同意书的处理对策

签署手术知情同意书是医方履行告知义务,保障医患双方合法权益的一种重要手段。当患者病情需要紧急手术但患者或其家属拒绝签署手术知情同意书时,医院面临错失抢救时机和巨大的医疗风险,甚至可能因此成为被告。结合我院临床工作中的成功经验,探讨医院如何在尽可能抢救患者生命的情况下,规避相关法律风险。