略论文学艺术对关羽的神化

关羽本是蜀汉的五虎上将之一，但在殁后却成了妇孺皆知、全智全能的尊神，并形成了关羽信仰。究其原因是关羽的道德品质、人格魅力和儒释道三教、文学艺术、历代帝王的美化、圣化、神化之故。在此就文学艺术对关羽的神化作一论述。     

Beliefs About Psychological Services Among Guatemalan College Students

This mixed-methods study identified the help-seeking attitudes of Guatemalan college students. A random sample of 248 students across 2 universities responded to a cultural adaptation of the Beliefs About Psychological Services (BAPS; Ægisdóttir & Gerstein, 2009) survey. The directors of both universities and a subsample of participants were also interviewed. Quantitative findings demonstrated low levels of stigma and positive help-seeking attitudes among students. Qualitative findings indicated that psychological services were limited, financially out of reach, or failed to address students’ gender-specific concerns. Recommendations to address these challenges are presented. Este estudio de métodos mixtos identificó las actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda de estudiantes universitarios guatemaltecos. Una muestra aleatoria de 248 estudiantes de dos universidades respondió a una adaptación cultural de la encuesta Creencias sobre Servicios Psicológicos (BAPS, por sus siglas en inglés; Ægisdóttir & Gerstein, 2009). También se entrevistó a los directores de ambas universidades y a una submuestra de participantes. Los hallazgos cuantitativos demostraron bajos niveles de estigma y actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda positivas entre los estudiantes. Los hallazgos cualitativos indicaron que los servicios psicológicos eran limitados, no eran lo bastante asequibles o no abordaban las preocupaciones relativas al sexo de los estudiantes. Se presentan recomendaciones para abordar estos desafíos.     

A Multimethod Multitrait Validity Assessment of Self‐Construal in Japan,Korea, and the United States

A large number of previous studies have used self‐construal to predict communication outcomes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that validity problems may exist in self‐construal measurement. The current study conducted a multimethod multitrait (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) validation study of self‐construal measures with data (total N= 578) collected in Korea (N= 200), Japan (N= 212), and the U.S. (N= 166). The data showed that the Singelis (1994) Self‐Construal Scale, the Cross, Bacon, and Morris (2000) Relational Interdependent Self‐Construal Scale (RISC), and the Kuhn and McPartland (1954) Twenty Statements Test (TST) lacked convergent and discriminant validity, both pan‐culturally and within each of the three countries included in the study. Scores on the TST were not significantly related to scores on the self‐construal scales, and the various self‐construal measures correlated more highly with measures of communication directness than with alternative measures of the same type of self‐construal. Substantial method effects were also observed. The results were tested for both 2‐ and 3‐dimensional models of self‐construal and for refined scales and scales with all items retained. The results of all analyses were inconsistent with the claim that self‐construal measures are construct valid.     

论"民本思想"在齐文化中的历史地位与作用

齐文化作为中国古代的地域文化,博大精深,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分.民本思想作为齐文化的重要组成部分,其发展与实践则更显突出.正因为齐国有为君臣注重爱民、重民、富民,注重民众的作用,才使齐国成为了春秋五霸之首、战国七雄之一.梳理与研究齐文化中的民本思想,不仅可使齐国治国思想的研究深入,而且对建设有中国特色的社会主义现代化无疑也有着重要的借鉴意义.     

中学生非形式推理能力的发展及环境影响因素

为了考察中学生非形式推理能力的发展以及家庭和学校有关环境因素对中学生非形式推理的影响,该研究采用提示访谈和问卷调查考察了7-9年级中学生非形式推理能力的发展及其与家庭和学校教育环境因素的关系。结果表明:(1)中学生一般具有了反驳水平的非形式推理能力,7年级学生多处于直接反驳水平,8、9年级学生多处于间接反驳水平。(2)我方和他方推理的理由数量随年级的增高而上升,反驳次数亦随年级的增高而增多。(3)中学生在我方推理中提出的理由数量与同伴影响、教师鼓励和家长引导有一定线性因果关系。     

Azure-winged Magpies would rather avoid losses than strive for benefits based on reciprocal altruism

Animal Cognition - It is no doubt that the reciprocal altruism of humans is unparalleled in the animal world. However, how strong altruistic behavior in the non-human animal is still very...     

镜母题小说中的道教情结

在我国古代小说发展史中,从汉代至高峰的明清时期,以镜为母题的小说几乎从未间断过,其中不少作品蕴含着浓重的道教情结.本文在对此现象进行系统分析的基础上辨清其源流,并得出结论:道教思想信仰赋予了镜母题小说以强大的生命力,镜母题小说正是在宗教思想信仰的时时更新中不断发展壮大的.