Are humans rational? Exploring factors influencing impulse buying intention and continuous impulse buying intention

This study investigates the effects of consumers' impulsivity traits, option framing, product type, and cash refund promotion on consumers' online impulse buying intention. This study follows two stages to investigate factors influencing impulse buying intention and continuous impulse buying intention. In Stage 1, this study investigates the influence of impulsivity traits (high/low), option framing (+OF/−OF), and product type (hedonic product/utilitarian product) in online shopping on impulse buying intention. In Stage 2, this study explores factors moderating the continuous impulse buying intention. Cash refund promotion (high/low) serves as the moderator. The experiment results demonstrated that subjects with high impulsivity traits, “subtractive option framing (−OF), and hedonic products” are more likely to engage in impulse buying intention. In addition, cash refund promotion at a higher level increases consumers' continuous impulse buying intention. The findings provide guidance for designing appropriate online promotion situation to induce consumers' impulse buying intention that favors online retailers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Out of mind,out of sight? Investigating abnormal face scanning in autism spectrum disorder using gaze‐contingent paradigm

Diminished social motivation is hypothesized to explain abnormal face scanning pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially reduced eye‐looking time in ASDs than typically developing (TD) people. Here, we tested an alternative explanation that children with ASD may use a compensatory strategy to avoid direct eye contact by processing the eyes through peripheral vision. We compared the face scanning patterns of children with and without ASD in two conditions: in the clear condition, the face was completely visible; in the blur condition, by using the gaze‐contingent paradigm, the whole face was blurred except for a small region being fixated at, thus children could not rely on the peripheral information to process the eyes. We found that children with ASD fixated less on the eyes than TD children in both conditions. Temporal‐course analyses further revealed the possible motivation‐based guidance of attention to process the eyes in the TD group but not in the ASD group. Additionally, we found that children with ASD scanned faces more randomly and less strategically than TD children. These results have ruled out the alternative hypothesis that the abnormal face scanning pattern in ASDs was due to their compensatory strategy to process eyes through peripheral vision, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their abnormal face scanning.     

基于脑结构像的精神分裂症机器学习分类

将机器学习应用于精神疾患的临床和基础研究是近年来的趋势。研究者将机器学习应用于精神分裂症患者及高危人群的T1加权像和弥散张量成像的脑影像数据中, 为了解疾病的生理病理学机制提供帮助。回顾以往研究发现额叶及颞叶的脑结构特征具有较高的区分能力, 行为数据和脑影像数据结合的分类效果优于单模态数据。现阶段研究存在样本量不足和泛化能力欠缺的局限, 未来研究应注意扩大样本量、制定标准化的分类方法, 从而进一步探究机器学习在精神疾患中的作用。     

Racial Colorblindness and Confidence in and Likelihood of Action to Address Prejudice

In this study, we examined the association between racial colorblindness and inaction to address prejudice. Conceptualized as a type of legitimizing ideology that maintains societal inequality, we hypothesized that colorblindness would be associated with less confidence in and lower likelihood of engaging in action to address prejudice. Our study examined the role of affective variables in explaining the link between colorblindness and inaction, as well as explored potential racial group differences. We used multigroup structural equation modeling analysis to test for measurement and structural invariance of our hypothesized model across White, Asian American, and Underrepresented racial minority (i.e., African American, Latinx American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Native American, and Multiracial students from Underrepresented groups) college students. In Study 1 (n = 1,125), we found that greater colorblindness was indirectly associated with less confidence in action through affective variables (e.g., intergroup empathy, and positive and negative emotions during intergroup interactions). In Study 2 (n = 1,356), we found that greater colorblindness was indirectly related to less likelihood of action through intergroup empathy. In both studies, we demonstrated measurement and structural invariance across racial groups, indicating that our hypothesized model functioned similarly across White, Underrepresented, and Asian American students. Our findings have implications for future research and practice to challenge colorblindness and to promote engagement in actions to reduce prejudice.     

从《晏子春秋》看晏婴的哲学思想

晏婴作为一个深受太史公司马迁赞誉的先秦齐国贤相,其事迹大多记载在《晏子春秋》之中。本文以《晏子春秋》为基本依据,以《左传》记载为印证,就晏婴的哲学思想进行了探讨,认为晏婴的哲学思想突出表现在其倡导并实践的对事物的朴素辩证思维以及轻鬼神重人事的无神观上。同时,本文还对晏婴哲学思想的时代局限性和对中国现当代的影响进行了初步探析。     

对话：医学人人文中的普世关怀与公共理性

对话主张,我们不妨暂时放弃最高限度的理想化方式（终极关怀）,转而寻求宽容、宽泛前提下的公共理性,医学不仅是科学的,更是人文的。而要推动技术教育至上背景下生长的一代青年学子完成这样一次沉重的转向,有两门学科不可绕过,一门是科学史,另一门是科学哲学。     

测验行业的法制化趋势

文章介绍了国外多种测验的重要行为规范和法则,特别是1999年由美国心理学会、美国教育研究协会和全国教育测量理事会联合修订并出版的《教育与心理测验之标准》。另外,文章通过对“律考数额录取”和“学位考试题库”这两个具体事例的分析,说明了中国测验行业不规范的现状及其可能的原因。文章还借鉴了国外测验组织管理机构的相关经验,进一步呼吁了制定行业规范的迫切性和建立测验管理机构的必要性。     

羞耻易感性差异及对羞耻的应付

研究目的是了解羞耻感对应付的影响。100名大专一年级学生根据主试呈现的9个故事情境,评定自己在其中体验到的羞耻的强烈程度,从中选择了5个可以较好的激发被试羞耻情绪的典型羞耻事件,考察被试在其中的应付方式,并比较了高、低羞耻组被试在应付方法使用上的差异。研究结果显示：大学生面临羞耻事件时,倾向于采用接受事件结果、直接面对问题和让时间冲淡一切的应对方法,较少使用否认和逃避的方法。羞耻易感性较高的个体较之羞耻易感性低的个体更可能使用回避、隐藏感情、祈祷和等待的应付方法;羞耻易感性低的个体较之羞耻易感性高的个体更可能使用寻求社会支持的方法。进一步根据羞耻的本质和其现象学的特点,解释了高、低羞耻组在应付方式上的这些差异     

Cooperation and competition of urban and rural children in the Republic of South Korea1

The cooperative and competitive behavior of 8–9 year old children in urban and rural Korea was assessed by three different experimental techniques. The urban children were significantly more competitive and less cooperative in experiments 1 and 2, experiments in which the competitive alternative involved direct overt conflict. Both groups were highly competitive in experiment 3 in which the competitive alternative was less overt.