老年原发性高血压晨峰现象与靶器官损害临床研究

应用24h动态血压监测(ABPM)了解老年原发性高血压晨峰现象对主要靶器官结构及功能的潜在损害。114例老年原发性高血压患者根据24h动态血压监测分为晨峰组和非晨峰组,均常规检查血脂谱,空腹血糖,放免法测定尿微量白蛋白,计算体重指数(BMI)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈总动脉(CCA-IMT)和颈内动脉内膜中层厚度(ICA-IMT)、心电图测量计算QT离散度(QTcd)。晨峰组的24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压均显著高于非晨峰组动态血压监测水平(P<0.05),而且晨峰组的睡-谷晨峰变异幅度增高有统计学意义(P<0.05)。晨峰组的LVMI、CCA-IMT、ICA-IMT、QTcd和尿微量白蛋白指标均高于非晨峰组(P<0.01)。两组在BMI、血脂谱、血糖差异无统计学意义。清晨高血压是老年原发性高血压病的一个不可忽视的潜在危险因素。长期晨间血压负荷升高使得机体全天处于血压高负荷状态,更易使心肌重构肥厚和心电生理特征改变,增加心律失常发生率;加速动脉粥样硬化斑块形成。因此遏制老年原发性高血压患者的晨峰高反应是降压达标和减缓靶器官损害的关键环节。     

A Robust Bayesian Approach for Structural Equation Models with Missing Data

In this paper, normal/independent distributions, including but not limited to the multivariate t distribution, the multivariate contaminated distribution, and the multivariate slash distribution, are used to develop a robust Bayesian approach for analyzing structural equation models with complete or missing data. In the context of a nonlinear structural equation model with fixed covariates, robust Bayesian methods are developed for estimation and model comparison. Results from simulation studies are reported to reveal the characteristics of estimation. The methods are illustrated by using a real data set obtained from diabetes patients.     

农民工职业自我效能感的结构

职业自我效能感是影响个体职业发展的重要心理因素。在开放式问卷调查和文献研究的基础上,初步建构了农民工职业自我效能感的结构。对155人样本数据的探索性因素分析和对146人样本数据的验证性因素分析的结果支持了农民工的职业自我效能感包括职业胜任自我效能感、职业关系自我效能感、职业学习与发展自我效能感、职业问题解决自我效能感四个因素的建构。对农民工职业自我效能感问卷的信度与效度的检验显示,问卷的信度与效度能够达到心理测量的基本要求,可以作为农民工职业自我效能感的测量工具。     

老子心中之“道”

《道德经》是道教最重要的经典,“道”是《道德经》中最重要的概念。老子将“道”视为根源性的存在,宇宙万物包括生命均根源于此。“道”在《道德经》里被提升到了天地之本的高度,获得了宇宙论和本体论的意义。     

Oculomanual Coordination in Tracking of Pseudorandom Target Motion Stimuli

Oculomanual coordination was investigated in 9 healthy subjects during tracking of pseudorandom motion stimuli. Each subject was required to track visual stimuli under eye-hand (EH) and eye-alone (EA) conditions. Subjects were exposed to 3 types of mixed sinusoidal stimulus with varying frequency or amplitude of the highest frequency component, or various degrees of irregularity. Progressive degradation in tracking performance was nonlinearly induced by an increase in either (a) the highest frequency component or (b) its amplitude, but not by stimulus irregularity. No significant difference was found in eye velocity gain and phase under the EH and EA conditions. Eye and hand responses were found to be highly correlated in gain and phase when compared across frequencies and motion stimuli. The results suggest that frequency and amplitude are dominant factors controlling the breakdown of oculomanual performance in response to pseudorandom stimuli. Frequency responses of smooth pursuit eye movements are not affected by the hand motion in pursuit of unpredictable stimuli. Eye and hand motor systems appear to share common nonlinear drive mechanisms when pursuing pseudorandom target motion stimuli.     

不确定性风险选择的抱负水平—相对效用整合理论

本文认为不确定性风险决策备择方案的选择标准既不是规范效用理论所主张的效用最大化,也不只是研究者们基于西蒙有限理性决策理论而提出的抱负水平,而是存在于决策不同阶段上的、由启发式策略控制着的这两种标准的整合,我们称之为抱负水平－相对效用整合标准。为此,我们在研究抱负水平结构的基础上提出了负险选择的抱负水平－相对效用整合理论及其支持性研究证据,并就有关问题进行了讨论与思考。指出抱负水平－相对效用整合是风     

父母教养与MAOA基因rs6323多态性对学前儿童外化问题的共同作用

采用G×E交互作用的研究范式,以295名学前儿童（M=4.49）和其母亲、父亲作为研究对象,探讨母亲和父亲的教养方式与MAOA基因rs6323多态性对学前儿童外化问题行为的影响。结果发现：母亲、父亲教养方式和MAOA基因多态性对学前儿童外化问题行为的影响存在性别差异,预测男孩外化问题行为时,母亲和父亲教养方式的主效应显著,与MAOA基因多态性的交互作用不显著;在预测女孩外化问题行为时,父亲教养方式的主效应显著,母亲教养方式与MAOA基因多态性的交互作用显著,显著性区域分析发现,携带T等位基因的女孩更容易受到母亲消极教养的不利影响而产生更多外化问题行为,也更容易受到其积极教养的有利影响而减少外化问题行为,这一结果支持差别易感性理论模型。     

How does green advertising skepticism on social media affect consumer intention to purchase green products?

Underpinned by the stimulus–organism–response model, this study explores the underlying mechanism through which green advertising skepticism on social media affects consumer green purchase intention. It also investigates the boundary factors that moderate this indirect relationship. Performing structural equation modeling on data collected from an online survey on Sina Weibo, this study finds that green advertising skepticism on social media negatively affects green purchase intention through the mediation of perceived information utility. Moreover, interdependent self‐construal positively moderates, and independent self‐construal negatively moderates this indirect relationship. These findings suggest that truthful and consumer‐tailored green advertising is crucial to green product marketing.     

Pigeons (Columba livia) learn to link numerosities with symbols

After responding to each element in varying, successive numerosity displays, pigeons (Columba livia) had to choose, out of an array of symbols, the symbol designated to correspond to the preceding number of elements. After extensive training, 5 pigeons responded with significant accuracy to the numerosities 1 to 4, and 2 pigeons to the numerosities 1 to 5. Several tests showed that feedback tones accompanying element pecks, the familiarity of element configurations, and the shape of the elements were not crucial to this performance. One test, however, indicated that the number of pecks issued to the elements was important for numerosities above 2. An additional test confirmed that the birds chose the symbol that corresponded to a particular numerosity rather than the positions that the symbols had held during training.     

汉语字谜原型激活中的情绪促进效应

采用先学习原型字谜、接着进行正负情绪诱导、然后再进行靶字谜测验的三阶段实验设计,探讨了不同诱发情绪状态对汉语字谜原型激活的影响。结果发现,在本实验条件下：难度高的靶字谜的测试中没有发现正负诱发情绪状态对汉语字谜原型激活的不同影响;但是,在难度中等的靶字谜的测试中,诱发的正面情绪状态对汉语字谜原型激活有显著促进作用,而诱发的负面情绪状态与控制组相比对汉语字谜原型激活没有显著影响。性别变量在两种实验条件下都没有显著主效应