3—7岁儿童空间表象发展研究——并与8—13岁儿童空间表象特点比较

本实验是在8—13岁儿童空间表象发展研究的基础上进行的。共有200名被试,分5个年龄组,每组40人。分为两个单元,第一单元是以幼儿为对象重复对8—13岁儿童的实验,第二单元采用四个侧面都有鲜明特征的单个物体为刺激物。 实验结果进一步说明了知觉经验和物体的鲜明特征是儿童空间认知发展的重要因素;自我中心现象在8岁组表现最为突出;我国儿童解决三山课题的发展阶段与皮亚杰划分的阶段基本一致;发现解决三山课题的成绩与错误结果之间有两种不同性质的关系,8岁以后成绩的发展变化与脱中心化的倾向相应,7岁以前是与其他错误相应,7岁是两种性质的转换点。 研究数据提供了我国儿童解决三山课题的发展阶段和发展特点的资料。     

亲亲相隐何时休?关系对揭发意向影响的边界

当组织中做出不道德行为的人跟自己关系非常亲近时,员工可能不会揭发他们的不道德行为,进而给组织带来潜在的隐患。鉴于先前研究较少关注如何降低不道德情境中关系的包庇作用,本研究考察了组织和个体特征在削弱关系与揭发负向关系方面扮演的调节角色。结果表明,关系会抑制员工对不道德行为的揭发意向(研究1~3),且关系对员工揭发意向的负向影响受到了组织关系取向(研究1和3)与员工正直(研究2和3)的调节。随着组织关系取向的下降或员工正直程度的提升,关系对员工揭发意向的抑制作用逐步降低。这些结果对于组织内部揭发机制设计具有借鉴意义。     

Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Chinese version

The aim of the present study was to develop a Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C) and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of Chinese university students. The English version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was translated and back-translated prior to its administration to 791 participants recruited from two universities in Changsha, Hunan (China). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, inter-scale reliability, and factorial validity were analysed. The CERQ-C exhibited: (1) moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.83); (2) a mean inter-class correlation coefficient of .79; (3) a mean inter-item correlation coefficient of .09; and (4) moderate test–retest reliability (.64). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original CERQ nine-factor model. Finally, with respect to criterion validity, several CERQ-C subscales were uniquely associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety.     

心理资本对大学生职业决策困难的影响:有调节的中介模型

本研究提出一个有调节的中介模型,揭示了心理资本"怎样"影响大学生职业决策困难及这种影响在不同个体中是否存在差异。采用心理资本量表、职业决策自我效能感量表、社会技能量表和职业决策困难量表对730名大学生进行研究。研究显示：（1）职业决策自我效能感部分中介了心理资本与大学生职业决策困难的关系;（2）社会技能调节了心理资本通过职业决策自我效能感影响大学生职业决策困难的中介过程的前半路径和后半路径。研究结论对促进大学生成功就业具有重要的理论与实证价值。     

Maternal Life Stress and Subsequent Chinese Toddlers’ Social Adjustment: The Moderating Role of Inhibitory Control

The current study examined the links between maternal life stress and subsequent toddler behavior problems and social competence, as well as the potential moderating effects of cool and hot inhibitory control (IC) in mainland China. Participants included 89 mothers and their infants (42 boys, 47 girls). Mothers completed self-report measure of maternal life stress when their children were 1 year of age (M?=?1.18, SD?=?.07 at Time 1), and reported on their children’s social adjustment using the Chinese version of Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) at Time 1 and again a year later (M?=?2.06, SD?=?.09 at Time 2). Toddler IC was assessed with laboratory tasks at Time 2. Structural equation modeling with a bootstrap resample of 1000 indicated that cool IC significantly moderated the longitudinal association between maternal life stress (T1) and latent construct of toddler behavior problems (T2), controlling for behavior problems at Time 1, child age and maternal age. Specifically, maternal life stress was associated with subsequent behavior problems only for toddlers who were low in cool IC. In comparison to the results of behavior problems, high levels of maternal life stress predicted subsequent low levels of social competence. Neither cool IC nor hot IC served as the moderator in the association between maternal life stress (T1) and toddler social competence (T2). These findings indicated that toddler cool IC may promote resilient adaptation and modify the links between maternal life stress and toddler behavior problems but not social competence.     

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 5-HT6 receptors regulate anxiety-like behavior

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a very important role in decision-related and anxiety-related information processing. It has enriched 5-HT6 receptors; however, the precise role of dmPFC 5-HT6 receptors in anxiety remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we injected dmPFC with the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 and antagonist SB 271046 using stereotactic technology. 5-HT6 receptor activation in mice increased time spent in the center area on the open-field test, increased exploration of the open arms on the elevated plus maze test, and increased ratio on the social interaction test. 5-HT6 receptor inactivation induced the opposite effects. In brain slices, EMD 386088 decreased both spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), while SB 271046 only increased sEPSC. These effects of EMD 386088 and SB 271046 could be reversed by the GABA_A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BMI) and positive allosteric modulator clonazepam (CLZ), respectively. Our results suggest that neurotransmission in the dmPFC by 5-HT6 receptor activation and inhibition may play an important role in anxiety-like behavior, and may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential target of anxiety disorders.     

再论唯物史观与启蒙

唯物史观近年来复又成为学界探讨的重点。其中唯物史观同欧洲思想传统的关系,成为探讨的重要方向。笔者曾发表《唯物史观对启蒙的超越与转化》(见《哲学研究》2008年第6期),对问题作了一些初步探讨。近年来,我们一直在拓展相关研究。①本文结合课题的现当代视域,再作一些探     

马克思主义宗教批判思想之辨析

马克思主义的宗教批判思想,实质上是19世纪以来越来越鲜明的世俗化过程中反叛宗教神学的一种极端形式。不能从唯物主义世界观直接推出信仰层面的无神论,马克思新唯物主义以及唯物史观形成,同时也是对无神论的明确的扬弃。马克思对宗教持激进的批判与否定态度,至于把这样的态度解读为宗教精神的再度复活,其实是引伸开来的思想,同马克思本人的宗教批判思想无关。马克思的宗教批判从宗教产生的经济与政治关系入手展开对宗教及其社会现象的意识形态批判,也是一种宗教社会学。马克思的社会概念以及社会主义,意在通过从哲学到共产主义实践的转变成为无神论时代社会共同体的新的信仰,但涂尔干与韦伯则以不同的的方式证明了现代性社会的信仰及其认同依然是诉诸于宗教理解方式。如何面对现代世界宗教现象的多样性与复杂性,是马克思主义宗教批判思想面临的难题。     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.