儒家礼治思想与社会和谐

在汉代以降的两千多年的历史上,礼治一直充当着治理国家、管理社会的重要手段,发挥着维护社会和谐、稳定、有序的重要作用,特别是那些盛大的王朝更是如此。对于儒家的礼治思想,我们不应简单地视之为封建主义的东西,而应该客观地、历史地对待,努力挖掘其中的合理因素,为我们构建现代和谐社会提供历史的借鉴和传统的思想资源。一儒家主张“为国以礼”[1],把“礼”作为治理国家、管理社会的主要手段,这样的政治模式或政治理想可以称为“礼治”。“礼”对于治理国家具有总纲、大法的意义,这在春秋时期就已有共识。如“礼,国之纪也”;[2]“礼,王…     

Guanxi networks and members' effectiveness in Chinese work teams: Mediating effects of trust networks

The present study examined 33 teams with a total of 206 team members (excluding team leaders) to explore the effects of intrateam guanxi and trust networks on individual effectiveness in Taiwan. Guanxi networks included non-job, departmental and past team networks, while trust networks included affective and cognitive trust networks. Results showed that: (i) guanxi networks could better explain members' effectiveness compared with relational demography, and different guanxi networks had different effects; (ii) the more central an individual's position was in the cognitive trust network, the higher the individual's effectiveness; (iii) the past team guanxi network of a team member displayed a positive effect on the centrality of cognitive trust network, while non-job and departmental guanxi networks showed negative effects; and (iv) the effects of members' guanxi networks on individual effectiveness were mediated by the centrality of trust networks.     

儿童自我延迟满足能力发展的研究

延迟满足是一种心理成熟的表现,专指一种甘愿为更有价值的长远结果而放弃即时满足的抉择取向,以及在等待期中展示的自我控制能力。本文通过论述儿童的自我延迟满足能力的发展的特点以及影响其自我延迟满足能力的发展的因素,探索了如何教育儿童自我延迟满足能力的有效途径,对幼儿健康成长和发展具有一定的指导作用。     

情绪智力对大学生创业意向的影响:成就动机和创业自我效能感的链式中介作用

为探讨情绪智力、成就动机、创业自我效能感和大学生创业意向之间的关系。使用情绪智力量表、成就动机量表、创业自我效能感量表和创业意向量表对986名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)成就动机中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(2)创业自我效能感中介了成就动机与大学生创业意向间的关系。(3)创业自我效能感中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(4)成就动机和创业自我效能感在情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间起链式中介作用。     

基于眼动研究的孤独症谱系障碍早期预测

孤独症谱系障碍是一组以社交困难为主要特征的神经发育障碍, 涵盖孤独症、阿斯伯格综合症及分类不明确的广泛型精神发育障碍。ASD预测研究集中在神经生理学、遗传学及心理学领域。在心理学研究中, 眼动技术的运用使得相关测量更为细微、精确, 测量过程更严谨, 预测关系更可信。现有的眼动预测主要着眼于注视时间、首视点和扫视反应时指标的研究。这些研究揭示注视面部和眼睛时间短、注视眼睛时间随年龄增长递减、注视追随时间短、注视重复物理性刺激时间长、视觉搜索优势及注意解除困难均可以预测ASD。未来研究应强化眼动特征预测作用的追踪性考证, 加大与其它发展障碍的预测区分, 控制视觉接受能力对眼动行为的影响, 建立综合性预测体系。     

组织认同对员工创新行为的促进和抑制过程

企业稳定发展的关键之一是员工对组织的高认同感。员工创新是企业创新发展的基石。然而关于组织认同对创新行为影响的研究发现并不一致。规范冲突模型为深入理解二者之间的关系提供了理论视角。根据此模型, 员工组织认同通过不满现状和遵守现状两个相反的路径对创新行为产生促进和抑制的双重影响; 员工规范冲突感知是引发不满现状和遵守现状产生的重要条件; 领导创新期待与创新支持在组织认同对员工创新行为的促进和抑制过程中起到调节作用。     

The Ambiguity of Kant's Concept of the Highest Good: Finding the Correct Interpretation

The aim of this paper is to resolve the tension between Kant's doctrine of the highest good and his entire philosophical system. The concept of the highest good is the first major ambiguity of the doctrine. There are three pairs of ambiguities: immanent‐transcendent; justice‐perfection; and individual‐community. They are able to form eight combinations. Corresponding to the various combinations and conceptions of the highest good, interpreters also conceive different reasons for the necessity of the doctrine as well as various conditions of its applicability. For example, some emphasize its religious dimension, whereas others understand it in the political sense. In this paper, I adopt a different approach in understanding the highest good's systematic meaning as the moral confirmation, and suggest that only a transcendent, perfect and communal concept of the highest good can provide the most consistent doctrine. Additionally, it explains the importance of the different branches (such as philosophies of religion and of politics) of Kant's system.     

Age differences in forgiveness: the role of future time perspective

This study investigated whether the age trend in forgiveness is partly attributable to age differences in time perspective. Eighty-nine younger and 91 older adults were randomized into 3 experimental conditions: time-expanded, time-limited, and neutral. They responded to hypothetical offensive scenarios and rated the degree to which they would forgive the perpetrator. Results showed that older adults were more forgiving than younger adults, but regardless of age, those in the time-limited condition were more forgiving than those in the time-expanded or the neutral condition. An Age x Time perspective interaction showed that only in older adults did a time-expanded manipulation lead to lower forgiveness than the neutral condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).     

Role of arms in somersaulting from compliant surfaces: a simulation study of springboard standing dives

The role of arms in compliant-surface jumping for maximizing backward somersault rotations is studied using multi-segment models and is applied to springboard diving. The surface (springboard) is modeled by a rigid bar with a rotational spring with a hinged end and point mass at the tip. Planar four- and five-segment human models are used (with the fifth segment representing the arms) and are driven by torque actuators at the ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder. Each joint torque is the product of maximum isometric torque and three variable functions depending on instantaneous joint angle, angular velocity, and activation level, respectively. Movement simulation starts from a balanced initial posture and ends at jump takeoff. The objective is to find joint torque activation patterns during board contact so that the number of backward rotations in flight is maximized. Kinematic differences in jumps with and without arms are mainly in smaller takeoff vertical velocity and more flexed knee and hip in the former. In both jumps, joint torque/activations are similar in their minor flexion-full extension patterns. Maximum hip torque is larger with arms but maximum knee torque is larger without arms. Except at the knee, more joint work can be done with arm swing. Total angular momentum is increased considerably by arm motion because of its remote contribution. Consequently segment remote contributions to total angular momentum are much larger in jumping with arms. Shoulder strength helps generate angular momentum only to a certain limit. If more work is used to generate horizontal velocity away from the board, the amount of total angular momentum is reduced.     

人口性别比例失衡对人类行为的影响

男女比例协调本是自然进化的规律。可在我国, 人口性别比例失调的现象日趋严重, 深入理解这一现象对社会产生何种影响已经成为一件刻不容缓的工作。进化心理学和社会人口学这两个领域近年来分别开展了一系列与此问题相关的研究, 从性选择、择偶、婚姻、亲本投资、暴力行为和经济行为六个方面全面研究人口性别比例对人类行为的影响。