儿童自我延迟满足能力发展的研究

延迟满足是一种心理成熟的表现,专指一种甘愿为更有价值的长远结果而放弃即时满足的抉择取向,以及在等待期中展示的自我控制能力。本文通过论述儿童的自我延迟满足能力的发展的特点以及影响其自我延迟满足能力的发展的因素,探索了如何教育儿童自我延迟满足能力的有效途径,对幼儿健康成长和发展具有一定的指导作用。     

作业时间和指导语导向对10-12岁儿童发散性思维的影响

研究者以239名10岁、11岁和12岁的儿童为实验对象,采用四种作业时间(2分钟、4分钟、6分钟和8分钟)和两种指导语导向(无导向、导向独特性)为实验条件,考察了这些条件对儿童发散性思维的影响.结果发现,作业时间和指导语导向对儿童发散性思维的流畅性,变通性和独特性均有明显的影响.在该实验条件下,发散性思维的三个指标随作业时间的增加而增加.有导向组儿童的发散性思维作业成绩显著高于无导向组.另外,在各实验条件下,儿童的作业成绩都有随着年龄的增长而上升的趋势.     

民营企业家的心理演变探析

随着民营经济的不断发展及其对经济社会发展贡献的日益突出、以及中国政府对非公有制经济发展的支持和重视,对民营企业决策者和管理者--即民营企业家的研究也日益受到关注和重视.在此背景下,文章探讨了民营企业家的心理演变阶段及其主要特点:民营企业家基本需求的改变.价值取向的改变,人格素养的改变,社会焦虑的改变,归因方式的改变,应对策略和利益表达方式的改变等;并进一步提出了促进民营企业家心理演变顺利进行的对策.     

Reasons for Reason-giving in a Public-Opinion Survey

This paper explores why respondents to a telephone public-opinion survey often give reasons for answering as they do, even though reason-giving is neither required nor encouraged and it is difficult to see the reasons as attempts to deal with disagreement. We find that respondents give reasons for the policy claims they make in their answers three times as frequently as they give reasons for value or factual claims, that their reasons tend to involve appeals to personal experience, and that they often talk about their thought processes, especially when the evidentiary stakes are high. We then explore several ways of explaining these findings. We suggest that one useful approach is to see the reason-giving in the survey interviews as deliberative, reflexive argumentation of the sort described as `critical thinking. We further suggest that the reason such argumentation is often conducted out loud in the interviews, rather than internally, is that it functions in the service of rhetorical ethos, in particular the need to display the fact that one is human, with human autonomy and agency. Doing this may be particularly important in contexts such as anonymous survey interviews in which people are at risk of being treated like machines.     

理性的定位与思想的复兴

理性实为人类思想之根本。近代理性哲学,主要是在认识论的层面探讨精神何以可能的问题。理性是一种行动指南,更是一种批判的能力。理性的定位既是人类的自我重新定位,又是思想复兴的表征和开端。     

The Effect of Terminologies on Attitudes Toward Advertisements and Brands: Consumer Product Knowledge as a Moderator

Purpose  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between advertisement terminology and consumer product knowledge in the attitudes toward advertisements and brands.     

资本主义研究在马克思社会形态理论中的地位

<正>社会形态理论是马克思主义的研究者最为重视的马克思历史理论之一,甚至被看作历史唯物主义的核心部分,但同时也是引起最多争议和质疑的部分。然而,无论是关于社会形态演进序列之"五形态"与"三形态"的争论,还是关于社会形态的依次演进是否具有历史必然性的争论,抑或关于     

Josephine Baker: psychoanalysis and the colonial fetish

This paper traces an intricate path connecting racial fantasy, aesthetic judgment, and the larger cultural problem of inter-subjective recognition. In particular, the author examines the theme of fetishism, both sexual and racial, in a Western historical, colonial context, in order to unravel a set of disturbances that cohere around the racial fetish then and now. Taking the figure of an entertainment icon of the 1920s, Josephine Baker, as a case study, the author shows how the imagination of the colonizing white male was both articulated and disrupted by Baker as a ready-made representation of the cultural, racial, and sexual other.     

Selection demands versus association strength in the verb generation task

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from Thompson-Schill and colleagues (Thompson-Schill, D’Esposito, Aguirre, & Farah, 1997; Thompson-Schill et al., 1998) showed that in the verb generation task, the left inferior frontal gyrus (left IFG) was more involved in a high-selection condition, in which the noun had two verb responses of equal association strength, than in a low-selection condition, in which the noun had only one strongly associated verb. They proposed that the left IFG was involved in selecting semantic information from competing alternatives. The present study compared verb generation in two high-selection conditions that varied in the association strength of the most frequently produced verbs. The results from neurally intact participants and a patient with a lesion that included the left IFG indicated that association strength between nouns and the most frequently produced verb, rather than competition during verb selection, affected verb generation. The degree of involvement of the left IFG may depend on the difficulty of verb retrieval as reflected in association strength.