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971.
972.
The concept of exploitation and potentially exploitative real‐world practices are the subject of increasing philosophical attention. However, while philosophers have extensively debated what exploitation is and what makes it wrong, they have said surprisingly little about what might be required to remediate it. By asking how the consequences of exploitation should be addressed, this article seeks to contribute to filling this gap. We raise two questions. First, what are the victims of exploitation owed by way of remediation? Second, who ought to remediate? Our answers to these questions are connected by the idea that exploitation cannot be fully remediated by redistributing the exploiter's gain in order to repair or compensate the victim's loss. This is because exploitation causes not only distributive but also relational harm. Therefore, redistributive measures are necessary but not sufficient for adequate remediation. Moreover, this relational focus highlights the fact that exploitative real‐world practices commonly involve agents other than the exploiter who stand to benefit from the exploitation. Insofar as these third parties are implicated in the distributive and relational harms caused by exploitation, there is, we argue, good reason to assign part of the burden of remediation to them. 相似文献
973.
The role of spatial attention and other processes on the magnitude and time course of cueing effects
We are quite often exposed to multiple objects present in the visual scene, thus attentional selection is necessary in order
to selectively respond to the relevant information. Objects can be selected on the basis of the location they occupy by orienting
attention in space. In this paper, we review the evidence showing that attention can be oriented in space either endogenously,
on the basis of central cues, predictive of the relevant location, or exogenously, automatically triggered by the salient
properties of visual stimuli (peripheral cues). Several dissociations observed between orienting on the basis of the two types
of cues have led to the conclusion that they do not represent just two modes of triggering the orienting of the very same
attentional mechanism, but rather they modulate processing differently. We present a theoretical framework according to which
endogenous predictive cues facilitate target processing by orienting attention, thus amplifying processing at the attended
location. In contrast, apart from attentional orienting, peripherally presented discrepant cues might trigger additional cue-target
event-integration and event-segregation processes, which modulate processing in a different way, thus leading to cueing effects
that are exclusively triggered by peripheral cues. 相似文献
974.
The taxonomy of aggressive behavior has been studied by many social scientists. In the present study this topic is approached empirically. A group of convicts were asked to quantify pairwise dissimilarity among aggressive social situations. The data obtained were processed by Multidimensional Scaling. The results show the necessity of taking into account 3 dimensions (justifiability, instrumentality and degree of involvement with the victim) in distinguishing among aggressive episodes. This finding is discussed in terms of cultural differences, and the usefulness of the perception of aggressive episodes as a basis for a taxonomic system is proposed. 相似文献
975.
Whitfield Tim Barnhofer Thorsten Acabchuk Rebecca Cohen Avi Lee Michael Schlosser Marco Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. Böttcher Adriana Britton Willoughby Coll-Padros Nina Collette Fabienne Chételat Gaël Dautricourt Sophie Demnitz-King Harriet Dumais Travis Klimecki Olga Meiberth Dix Moulinet Inès Müller Theresa Parsons Elizabeth Sager Lauren Sannemann Lena Scharf Jodi Schild Ann-Katrin Touron Edelweiss Wirth Miranka Walker Zuzana Moitra Ethan Lutz Antoine Lazar Sara W. Vago David Marchant Natalie L. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(3):677-702
Neuropsychology Review - Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly utilized to improve mental health. Interest in the putative effects of MBPs on cognitive function is also growing. This... 相似文献
976.
Philosophia - The explanatory objection against the fitting attitude account of value states that if the properties of attitudes explain fittingness facts, but do not always explain value facts,... 相似文献
977.
This research shows the utility of systematic data-gathering from older people and of a statistical analysis procedure for interpreting the data. Four cases of institutionalized older people are presented, and their scores of depressive symptomatology over a period of one to two years is analyzed. Time-series analysis showed a significant positive trend of depression symptomatology in two of the cases, perhaps too subtle for detection in routine clinical check-up, but statistically verifiable. In one of these cases, none of the factors of the scale stands out, despite the fact that the general index shows a statistically significant change over the 36 observations made, so that the results obtained are related to the syndrome of depletion or exhaustion. In the second of the cases, we detect a significant change in the depressive mood factor, which may indicate a subclinical depressive form in its initial stages. Continuous registers can reveal valuable information about situations and progress in the evolution of an older person's mood, with regard to natural development, the prelude to a mood disorder, or follow-up in clinical cases. 相似文献
978.
979.
This paper analyses the way in which discourse and argumentation may vary depending on participants educational level and gender. Men and women from three different educational levels (literacy, advanced level and university students) participated in discussion groups that debated about women and work, the sharing of housework and the way in which girls and boys are educated. The results showed important differences depending on participants educational level and gender. In general, the main differences were related to educational level, while gender tended to interact with educational level, as a moderating factor. 相似文献
980.
Fluid intelligence, memory span, and temperament difficulties predict academic performance of young adolescents 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Roberto Colom Sergio Escorial Pei Chun Shih Jesús Privado 《Personality and individual differences》2007,42(8):1503-1514
There are several candidate measures when asking which psychological construct significantly predicts academic performance. Hundreds of studies have addressed this issue by measuring intelligence, basic cognitive processes, or personality. However, the simultaneous consideration of a broad and varied array of measures is much less common. Here we consider several cognitive and personality measures concurrently to define latent factors representing six constructs of presumed interest: fluid intelligence, short-term memory, working memory, processing speed, controlled attention, and temperament difficulties. One hundred and thirty-five secondary school students were tested. Their academic performance was measured by average grades in the nine scholastic areas of their curriculum. The main finding shows that a latent factor defined by fluid intelligence and memory span along with a latent factor defined by impulsiveness, sensation seeking, and lack of fear account for an impressive figure of 60% of the variance in academic performance. 相似文献