Using SAS PROC TCALIS for multigroup structural equation modelling with mean structures

Multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) is a technique frequently used to evaluate measurement invariance in social and behavioural science research. Before version 9.2, SAS was incapable of handling multigroup SEM. However, this limitation is resolved in PROC TCALIS in SAS 9.2. For the purpose of illustration, this paper provides a step-by-step guide to programming the tests of measurement invariance and partial invariance using PROC TCALIS for multigroup SEM with mean structures. Fit indices and parameter estimates are validated, thus providing an alternative tool for researchers conducting both applied and simulated studies. Other new features (e.g., different types of modelling languages and estimation methods) and limitations (e.g., ordered-categorical SEM and multilevel SEM) of the TCALIS procedure are also briefly discussed.     

Integrating physical constraints in statistical inference by 11-month-old infants

Much research on cognitive development focuses either on early-emerging domain-specific knowledge or domain-general learning mechanisms. However, little research examines how these sources of knowledge interact. Previous research suggests that young infants can make inferences from samples to populations (Xu & Garcia, 2008) and 11- to 12.5-month-old infants can integrate psychological and physical knowledge in probabilistic reasoning (Teglas, Girotto, Gonzalez, & Bonatti, 2007; Xu & Denison, 2009). Here, we ask whether infants can integrate a physical constraint of immobility into a statistical inference mechanism. Results from three experiments suggest that, first, infants were able to use domain-specific knowledge to override statistical information, reasoning that sometimes a physical constraint is more informative than probabilistic information. Second, we provide the first evidence that infants are capable of applying domain-specific knowledge in probabilistic reasoning by using a physical constraint to exclude one set of objects while computing probabilities over the remaining sets.     

Induction, overhypothesis, and the origin of abstract knowledge. Evidence from 9-month-old infants

Human cognition relies on the ability to extract generalizable knowledge from limited evidence. One type of inductive learning, overhypothesis formation, allows learners to make inferences that take them beyond the limits of direct experience, leading to the creation of abstract knowledge. The developmental roots of this ability have yet to be investigated. We report three experiments examining whether 9-month-old infants are capable of forming overhypotheses. Our results show that when given evidence about a few objects in some category, infants formed a second-order generalization about categories in general. These findings provide evidence that infants possess a powerful mechanism for inductive learning-a mechanism that may be applied to many domains and that can account for the development of many inductive biases later on.     

SAFE通路参与缺血后处理心肌保护作用机制的探讨

缺血后处理(ischemic postconditioning,IPost)是在心肌缺血后持续再灌注前给予多次短暂的再灌注/缺血处理的处理方法,对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤有着重要的保护作用。其心肌保护的具体机制十分复杂,尚未完全阐明。生存活化因子增强(survivor activating factor enhancement,SAFE)途径是IPost中新近发现的保护通路,阐明其在IPost心肌保护中的作用,将为寻找新的药物治疗靶点提供新思路。     

实现医学整合,满足门诊患者新需求——“一站式”多学科综合门诊

为了在门诊落实"一切以病人为中心"的服务理念,通过调查、了解病人的需求,改变传统的就医模式,将多学科整合,推出创新的"一站式"多学科综合门诊。改善了就诊流程,简化了就诊手续,对疑难杂症提供全方位、多学科综合诊疗,同时缩短患者就诊等候时间和多次往返各门诊的不便,减少就诊环节,实现医学整合,满足患者需求。     

大型综合性医院手术室统筹及加快周转的措施

科学的统筹规划、紧凑有序的接台管理,能够更好地服务患者,提高医院工作效率。探索大型综合性医院手术室合理有效地安排手术、加快手术周转的措施。讨论如何有效利用手术室的物资和人力资源,进行全盘科学的筹划,抓住关键环节,合理安排工序。进而成功破除制约手术科室的瓶颈,大大提高了手术科室的效率。     

论医疗行为中的职业冷漠与人文关怀

冷漠是从事人道职业--医生最危险的敌人,其产生从一般层面上看是医生的医疗阅历增加,因"熟视无睹"而使同情心的"阈值"上升,更深层次的原因还在于医学人文精神的缺失.医学是自然科学、人文科学和社会科学综合的学科,医学倘若缺乏必要的人文关怀,就会失去应有的人性温暖,就没有拯救生命的诚意.德艺双馨,仁医之道.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对肝肿瘤并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期的脑保护作用

观察预注高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对肝肿瘤合并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期的脑保护作用.选择50例患有高血压ASA分级Ⅱ级～Ⅲ级肝肿瘤手术患者,随机分为高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(H)组和复方氯化钠(复方乳酸林格液R)组,每组25例.于输注前(T0)、输注完毕即刻(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后5min(T3)、气管插管后15min(T4)、气管插管后30min(T5)抽取静脉血离心后检测血清中S100B、IL-6、TNF-a的浓度.与T0点相比,H组,T5点S100B轻度降低但无统计学差异(P>0.05),IL-6、TNF-a无明显变化(P>0.05);R组在T5点S100B明显上升(P<0.01);IL-6、TNF-a明显上升(P<0.05或P<0.01).与R组相比,H组患者在T3-5时点S100B、IL-6和TNF-a均低(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论为预注高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液在肝肿瘤合并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期具有脑保护作用.     

中药在心血管疾病中应用现状与反思

具有悠久历史的中医药在现代医学中有鲜明的时代特点。心血管疾病是现代社会严重威胁生命及健康的病患。本文总结分析了古老中药在现代心血管疾病中应用的现状,并深入分析其影响因素,从而提出扬长避短的未来心血管疾病应用中药的思路。     

三级甲等综合医院科间会诊之我见

随着医疗市场的不断变化,科室间会诊出现了新的问题.本文分析了科室间会诊存在的问题及原因,并提出了改进措施,以提高会诊质量,确保医疗安全.