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141.
Thomas H. Ollendick Bin Yang Qi Dong Yong Xia Lei Lin 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(4):439-452
Gender differences in fear were examined in 693 Chinese children and adolescents. Subjects were asked to rate their own fears, the fears of their best friends, and the fears of other classmates using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children — Revised (Ollendick, 1983). Consistent with previous investigations in Western and Eastern countries, girls rated themselves as more fearful than boys. In addition, both girls and boys rated their best friends as similar in number, content, and intensity of fears. However, girls rated their classmates as less fearful than themselves or their best friends, while boys rated their classmates as more fearful than themselves or their best friends. Findings are discussed in terms of gender role expectations and similarity-attraction hypotheses. 相似文献
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Choi JG Moon M Kim HG Mook-Jung I Chung SY Kang TH Kim SY Lee EH Oh MS 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,96(2):306-314
Soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid beta (AβO) are regarded as a main cause of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and have been a primary target in the development of drug treatments for AD. The present study utilized a mouse model of AD induced by intrahippocampal injection of AβO (10 μM) to investigate the effects of Gami-Chunghyuldan (GCD), a standardized multi-herbal medicinal formula, on the presentation of memory deficits and neurohistological pathogenesis. GCD (10 and 50 mg/kg/day, 5 days, p.o.) improved AβO-induced memory impairment as well as reduced neuronal cell death, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in the hippocampus. In addition, GCD prevented AβO-triggered synaptic disruption and cholinergic fiber loss. These results suggest that GCD may be useful in the prevention and treatment of AD. 相似文献
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146.
门脉高压症治疗观点之辩 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对立统一规律是辩证法的实质,在唯物辩证法的理论体系中占有核心地位。门脉高压症的外科治疗有分流术与断流术两种不同的手术方法,这两种方法从治疗机制上看是矛盾的,用对立统一观来认识这两种手术的联系并揭示门脉高压外科治疗发展的哲学依据。 相似文献
147.
人类基因组计划与医学模式 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
谢蜀生 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2000,21(9):20-21
人类基因组计划将为医学科学的发展提供广泛的可能性,并结生物医学带来革命性的变化,但是人类的社会性,疾病产生的非生物因素以及社会及伦理的限制都决定了任何生物医学上的成就,包括人类基因组计划都不能改变生物社会心理医学模式的深刻内涵。 相似文献
148.
百年回眸:免疫学研究进展与医学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谢蜀生 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2000,21(11):27-30
免疫学与医学有着紧密的联系。在免疫学的经验时期,中国医学家发明了人痘接种预防天花;1798年牛痘苗的发明,最终导致开花在地球上被消灭。在巴斯德时代,由于病原微生物的发现,人工主动免疫、人工被动免疫和三大血清学技术(沉淀、凝集、补体结合反应)使免疫学的应用扩大到对多种传染病的预防、诊断与治疗,极大地促进了医学的发展。70年代以来,由于胸腺功能的发现,淋巴细胞功能的发现阐明了免疫系统的存在;克隆选择学 相似文献
149.
Nicotinic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area contribute to nicotine addiction 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
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Pidoplichko VI Noguchi J Areola OO Liang Y Peterson J Zhang T Dani JA 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(1):60-69
Tobacco use is a major health problem that is estimated to cause 4 million deaths a year worldwide. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco. It acts as an agonist to activate and desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). A component of nicotine's addictive power is attributable to actions on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, which serves a fundamental role in the acquisition of behaviors that are inappropriately reinforced by addictive drugs. Here we show that nicotine, in the same concentration and time ranges as obtained from tobacco, has three main actions that regulate the activity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Nicotine first activates and then desensitizes nAChRs on the DA neurons. This process directly excites the DA neurons for a short period of time before the nAChRs desensitize. Nicotine also enhances glutamatergic excitation and decreases GABAergic inhibition onto DA neurons. These events increase the probability for synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation. The short-lived direct excitation of the DA neurons coupled with the enhanced glutamatergic afferent activity provides the presynaptic and postsynaptic coincidence necessary to initiate synaptic potentiation. In total, these synaptic events lead to a relatively long-lasting heightened activity of midbrain DA neurons. Consistent with other summarized studies, this work indicates that the synaptic changes normally associated with learning and memory can be influenced and commandeered during the nicotine addiction process. 相似文献
150.
移植免疫学的新突破与器官移植 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
谢蜀生 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1999,20(12):9-11
现代器官移植是建立在移植免疫学基础上,移植免疫学基础研究的每一个进展都推动了器官移植的发展。90年代以来,Starzl提出了移植排斥的“双向移植排斥理论”,反映了在临床应用免疫抑制药物的情况下,移植排斥的特点,是移植免疫学发展史上的一个重要理论地临床器官移植耐受的诱导具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献