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211.
The plastic stability of bimetals composed of a Ti-based metallic glass composite (MGC) and a pure titanium (PT) under tension has been investigated. The results reveal that the plastic stability of the MGC/PT bimetal is strongly dependent on the thickness fraction of the MGC: when the thickness fraction of the MGC decreases to a critical value, a homogeneous plastic deformation occurs in the MGC/PT bimetals, i.e. the strain localization and necking of the MGC is effectively suppressed. This unique phenomenon is explained using the normalized strain-hardening rate, and the quantitative relationship between the normalized strain-hardening rate of the MGC/PT bimetals and the thickness fraction of the MGC is thereby established. 相似文献
212.
Joanne Armstrong Michele Toscano Nancy Kotchko Sue Friedman Marc D. Schwartz Katherine S. Virgo Kristian Lynch James E. Andrews Claudia X. Aguado Loi Joseph E. Bauer Carolina Casares Rachel Threet Teten Matthew R. Kondoff Ashley D. Molina Mehrnaz Abdollahian Lana Brand Gregory S. Walker Rebecca Sutphen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2015,24(1):18-28
213.
Megan E. Roberts Frederick X. Gibbons Meg Gerrard William M. P. Klein 《The Journal of social psychology》2015,155(2):143-162
This article concerns the construct of lay situationism—an individual’s belief in the importance of a behavior’s context. Study 1 identified a 13-item Situationism Scale, which demonstrated good reliability and validity. In particular, higher situationism was associated with greater situation-control (strategies to manipulate the environment in order to avoid temptation). Subsequent laboratory studies indicated that people higher on the situationism subscales used greater situation-control by sitting farther from junk food (Study 2) and choosing to drink non-alcoholic beverages before a cognitive task (Study 3). Overall, findings provide preliminary support for the psychometric validity and predictive utility of the Situationism Scale and offer this individual difference construct as a means to expand self-regulation theory. 相似文献
214.
215.
McArdle Paige E. McMahon Meara X. H. Ardoin Scott P. Trump Cary E. Molony Maggie A. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2021,30(2):280-298
Journal of Behavioral Education - The time students spend actively engaged with instruction is positively correlated with their academic achievement (Dotterer and Lowe in J Youth Adolesc... 相似文献
216.
自二十世纪60年代Edwards首次用实验研究人类推理是否遵循贝叶斯规则以来,国内外贝叶斯推理研究取得了长足的发展,但也出现了一些困境:对影响贝叶斯推理的客体因素和主体因素研究未成体系,解释理论莫衷一是。未来的研究应该重新审视客体与主体的关系,系统整合和多角度分析影响贝叶斯推理的因素,尝试以三重加工心智模型解释人类贝叶斯推理行为,并对以往的解释理论进行融合,从而更好地揭示人类不确定性决策的本质。 相似文献
217.
近年来,关于如何刻画系统中变量间的相互依赖和相互影响在计算机以及哲学研究中激起了广泛讨论。其中非常经典的工作包括Pearl、Gales以及Halpern等逻辑学家和计算机科学家提出的因果模型和基于因果模型的因果逻辑。而最新Baltag与van Benthem的工作又提出了通过函数式依赖这一概念分析变量间影响的模型。本文将介绍并探讨这两种路径之间的关系,并且提出,在对Halpern等人的因果模型和逻辑做认知方面的扩充之后,我们能在这两种路径中找到更多共通之处。 相似文献
218.
The Body Esteem Scale (BES; Franzoi and Shields 1984) has been a primary research tool for over 30 years, yet its factor structure has not been fully assessed since its creation, so a two-study design examined whether the BES needed revision. In Study 1, a series of principal components analyses (PCAs) was conducted using the BES responses of 798 undergraduate students, with results indicating that changes were necessary to improve the scale’s accuracy. In Study 2, 1237 undergraduate students evaluated each BES item, along with a select set of new body items, while also rating each item’s importance to their own body esteem. Body items meeting minimum importance criteria were then utilized in a series of PCAs to develop a revised scale that has strong internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. As with the original BES, the revised BES (BES-R) conceives of body esteem as both gender-specific and multidimensional. Given that the accurate assessment of body esteem is essential in better understanding the link between this construct and mental health, the BES-R can now be used in research to illuminate this link, as well as in prevention and treatment programs for body-image issues. Further implications are discussed. 相似文献
219.
Emily Kate Rubio Meara X. H. McMahon Valerie M. Volkert 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2024,57(2):473-489
Children with pediatric feeding disorder may refuse to consume an adequate variety and/or volume of food to maintain expected growth. They can consume food but may actively or passively refuse, resulting in escape or avoidance of eating. Behavioral interventions like positive reinforcement with escape extinction can increase consumption. However, sometimes these interventions are insufficient, especially in treating passive refusal. In these cases, physical guidance may be used to prompt an open mouth to deposit food. Research indicates open-mouth prompts are effective and rated as acceptable. This study replicated an existing physical guidance procedure, the finger prompt, and compared its efficacy and acceptability with that of a spoon prompt. This study extended research by defining and measuring passive refusal as a dependent variable and assessing social validity among different stakeholders and times. Both prompts were effective in treating food refusal, and caregivers rated the finger prompt as more preferred. 相似文献
220.
The view that successful memory performance depends importantly on the extent to which there is a match between the encoding
and retrieval conditions is commonplace in memory research. However, Nairne (Memory, 10, 389–395, 2002) proposed that this idea about trace–cue compatibility being the driving force behind memory retention is a myth, because
one cannot make unequivocal predictions about performance by appealing to the encoding–retrieval match. What matters instead
is the relative diagnostic value of the match, and not the absolute match. Three experiments were carried out in which participants
memorised word pairs and tried to recall target words when given retrieval cues. The diagnostic value of the cue was varied
by manipulating the extent to which the cues subsumed other memorised words and the level of the encoding–retrieval match.
The results supported Nairne’s (Memory, 10, 389–395, 2002) assertion that the diagnostic value of retrieval cues is a better predictor of memory performance than the absolute encoding–retrieval
match. 相似文献