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141.
This study examined whether sex differences in jealousy would generalize to online infidelity. Based on the evolutionary psychological explanation for sex differences in jealousy (ancestral men's challenge of paternal uncertainty vs. ancestral women's challenge of ensuring paternal investment), we expected that men and women would perceive online infidelity similarly to conventional infidelity. The experimental design was a 2 (Infidelity Context: online or conventional) × 2 (Participant Sex) × 2 (Infidelity Type: emotional vs. sexual) mixed factorial. Participants were 332 (132 male, 200 female) undergraduates who completed a questionnaire assessing their responses to potential infidelity. As predicted, online and conventional infidelity elicited the same sex difference in jealousy. Implications for social scientists who study online behavior are discussed. 相似文献
142.
Chad?Ebesutani Adam?Bernstein Brad?J.?Nakamura Bruce?F.?Chorpita John?R.?Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(2):249-260
The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale—Parent Version (RCADS-P) is a 47-item parent-report questionnaire of youth
anxiety and depression, with scales corresponding to the DSM-IV categories of Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The
RCADS-P is currently the only parent-report questionnaire that concurrently assesses youth symptomatology of individual anxiety
disorders as well as depression in accordance with DSM-IV nosology. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the RCADS-P in a large (N = 490), clinic-referred sample of youths. The RCADS-P demonstrated favorable psychometric properties, including high internal
consistency, convergent/divergent validity, as well as strong discriminant validity—evidencing an ability to discriminate
between anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as between the targeted anxiety disorders. Support for the DSM-related six-factor
RCADS-P structure was also evidenced. This structure demonstrated superior fit to a recently suggested alternative to the
DSM-IV classification of anxiety and affective disorders—namely, the MDD/GAD “distress” factor. 相似文献
143.
Brad M. Merker William E. Hanson John M. Poston 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(3):211-219
Research on breaking bad news has involved undergraduates, medical students, and physicians. However, to date, no studies
have examined how, or whether, psychologists are trained to break bad news, as well as their current practice of breaking
bad news. This mixed methods study explored the training and practice of 329 licensed psychologists/APA members in breaking
bad news, using the MUM effect as a theoretical backdrop. Results suggest (1) psychologists are, as hypothesized, significantly
more reluctant to break bad news than good news, (2) anxiety accounts for 30.6% of the variance in their reluctance, and (3)
three-out-of-four psychologists break bad news “to some extent” or more, most typically related to a patient’s psychological
health, major Axis I diagnosis, or learning disability. Results also suggest most psychologists are not trained to break bad
news, with only 2.7% being familiar with existing recommendations and guidelines; and anxiety, concerns for self/other, context,
and norms play an important role in the bad news breaking process. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed
and a training model is proposed. 相似文献
144.
Bruce F. Chorpita Brad J. Nakamura 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(1):52-60
The incorporation of Bayesian logic into diagnostic interviewing may assist with empirically based diagnostic assessment strategies
in practice settings, balancing cost effectiveness, administration demands, and accuracy, yet few demonstrations of such a
system have been undertaken in the context of mental health diagnosis. The present study represented an initial feasibility
demonstration of whether a simplified Bayesian approach offered comparative advantages in interview accuracy and efficiency
against a standard assessment procedure. Two different diagnostic algorithms were compared targeting three selected diagnoses:
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and social phobia (SP). The first algorithm was from
a standard semi-structured diagnostic interview, and the second was from a dynamic system using diagnostic base rate information
to select interview content. The dynamic algorithm reduced administration time and uniformly matched or improved accuracy
over standard procedures.
Preparation of this article was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health Grant R03 MH60134, an award from
the University of Hawai‘i Research Council, and awards from the Hawaii Departments of Health and Education to the first author. 相似文献
145.
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147.
A quasi-experimental study examined effects of a 10-week word structure intervention with fourth-grade students. During daily 10–15-minute practice periods, students worked individually with mobile apps focused on specific aspects of word identification. Pre- and post-treatment assessments showed no differences in rate and accuracy of oral reading between groups that did and did not use the apps, with little effect on motivation to read. Some differences were found in level of texts read and in spelling favoring the intervention students. However, practical significance was found in gains in percentile rank scores on standardized vocabulary and comprehension measures. 相似文献
148.
Brad Donohue Christopher P. Plant Travis A. Loughran Anali Torres 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(8):2224-2236
Contingency management (CM) has extensively been shown to be effective in reducing substance use disorders, but its effects in reducing child maltreatment have yet to be determined. The current study provides preliminary support for the utilization of an innovative family-assisted CM component in 18 mothers who were referred to an evidence-supported behavioral treatment for concurrent child neglect and drug abuse by Child Protective Service caseworkers. In the examined CM, participants were invited to indicate from a list of common actions incompatible with child neglect (i.e. positive parenting actions), the extent to which these actions had been experienced utilizing a 3-point scale (almost never, sometimes, almost always). For each item that was indicated to be almost never or sometimes experienced, the participants were queried to indicate if the neglect incompatible action should be targeted as a therapeutic goal. Contingencies were subsequently established in which the participants were rewarded by involved family members for their completion of therapeutic goals. At baseline, results indicated that there was a negative association between the number of neglect incompatible parenting actions that were infrequently experienced and child abuse potential. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the number of neglect incompatible actions targeted as therapeutic goals at baseline, but not the number of positive parenting actions experienced infrequently at baseline, predicted reduced child maltreatment potential following treatment. These findings suggest the examined CM may assist evidence supported behavioral treatment specific to child neglect and drug abuse. 相似文献
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150.
A bifactor model of negative affectivity: fear and distress components among younger and older youth
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) is a 27-item youth-report measure of positive affectivity and negative affectivity. Using 2 large school-age youth samples (clinic-referred sample: N = 662; school-based sample: N = 911), in the present study, we thoroughly examined the structure of the PANAS-C NA and PA scales and fit a bifactor model to the PANAS-C NA items. Our exploratory factor analytic results demonstrated that negative affectivity is comprised of 2 main components-NA: Fear and NA: Distress-specifically among older youth. A bifactor model also evidenced the best model fit relative to a unidimensional and second-order factor structure of the PANAS-C NA items. The NA: Fear group factor evidenced significant correspondence with external criterion measures of anxiety. However, the original PANAS-C NA scale evidenced equal (and in some cases greater) correspondence with criterion measures of anxiety. We thus recommend continued usage and interpretation of the full PANAS-C NA scale despite the identification of the fear and distress group factors underlying general negative affectivity. The identification of these fear and distress group factors nonetheless suggest that negative affectivity may be comprised largely of a fear and distress component among older youth. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to better understanding the structure of psychopathology across childhood development and informing the development of future treatments of negative emotions. 相似文献