Parental Exposure to Mass Violence and Child Mental Health: The First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study

Children’s reactions after being exposed to mass violence may be influenced by a spectrum of factors. Relatively unexplored is the extent to which family exposure to mass violence may affect child mental health, even when these children have not been directly exposed. In a representative sample of NYC public school children assessed 6 months after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), seemingly elevated rates of psychopathology were recorded among children of WTC evacuees. Children of NYC First Responders (police officers, EMTs, and fire fighters) displayed a complex pattern of response to the WTC attack. Overall, the findings from this previous study support putative transmission of trauma to children whose parents were exposed to the WTC attack. The “Children of First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study”—a two-site longitudinal study—is currently underway in the United States (New York City) and in Israel (Tel Aviv area) in an effort to understand the impact of different patterns of mass violence. The NYC sample permits us to examine the impact of a rare instance of mass violence (e.g., WTC attack), while the Israeli sample provides information about repeated and frequent exposure to mass violence brought about by acts of terrorism. In addition, children’s exposure to mass violence is considered in the context of their exposure to other potentially traumatic events. This study aims to improve our general understanding of the impact of mass violence on children, especially the psychological effects on children whose parents’ work experiences are by nature stressful. Knowledge generated by this study has implications for guiding efforts to meet the needs of children who have, directly or through a family member, been subjected to rare or infrequent mass violent event as well as to children whose exposure to mass violence is part of daily life.     

Young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving

This paper presents a survey investigating young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving. A sample of 164 young driving learners completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which measured people’s intentions to use mobile phone while driving in handheld condition or hands-free condition, along with their attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control. The regression analysis models revealed that the TPB was able to explain 43% and 48% variance in hands-free mobile phone use intention and handheld mobile phone use intention, respectively, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest predictor. In addition, TPB components, usage frequency and perceived risk were more dependent on gender than age. These results have several theoretical and practical implications. In particular, interventions should emphasize on the risk of hands-free mobile phone use when driving for young drivers, especially for young male drivers.     

内隐完美主义效应及其与外显完美主义的关系

研究运用内隐联想测验对内隐完美主义进行了测验研究,同时用结构方程模型对内隐完美主义与外显完美主义的关系进行了探讨,结果表明:(1)内隐完美主义效应是存在的,个体无意识中有一种追求完美的倾向;(2)内隐完美主义测验的内部一致性比较高;(3)内隐完美主义和外显完美主义是相对独立的结构.     

企业新员工期望的结构和特点

鉴于以往多数研究仅考虑新员工情景期望的不足,本研究同时考虑情景期望和角色表现期望.建立<新员工期望问卷>,并考察了新员工期望的结构特点.研究结果表明:①新员工期望包含四个平行的组成部分:企业期望(包括企业发展和企业回报)、团队期望(包括团队人际关系和团队领导力)、工作期单(包括工作舒服、回报和责任)和自我角色表现期望(包括工作角色、职业角色、团队角色、企业角色和创新角色).②<新员工期望问卷>有良好的结构效度和信度.③不同内容的新员工期望在人口学变量上存在差异.本研究为进一步研究新员工期望与适应的关系奠定了基础.     

大学生学业成败归因特点与自尊的关系

为考察大学生学业成败归因与内隐自尊、外显自尊间的关系,对74名大学生进行内隐联想测验(IAT),并要求其完成Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)及学业成败归因量表(MMCS).统计分析表明: (1)内隐自尊与外显自尊相关不显著; (2)当学业成功时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为自己的能力,而外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为努力、情境和运气; (3)当学业失败时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归于情境,而内隐自尊水平低的大学生倾向于将失败归为个人能力不足;同时外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归为情境和运气,而外显自尊水平低的大学生更倾向于将失败归为个人努力不够.     

攻击行为实验研究范式的回顾与展望

本文对攻击行为的经典实验研究范式——攻击机器法、文章评价法、竞争性反应比赛、减点——攻击测验、Bobo模仿范式等进行了回顾,并介绍了最新的研究范式--辣酱分配法、糟糕程序法、实验室涂鸦法等,最后对已有范式进行了总结与展望。     

我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性分析

本文基于2000年全国0 95‰人口普查数据和2005年上海1%人口抽样调查资料,运用logstic回归分析等定量方法,就我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性进行了初步的分析.本文认为,独生子女总体的婚姻较为稳定,但与非独生子女群体相比,独生子女尤其是第一代低龄独生女性婚姻不稳定的比例较高;独生子女的婚姻稳定程度与就业状况、受教育程度等个人特征密切相关,与父母婚姻的稳定性等家庭背景也有一定的联系.     

罗伯特·皮尔与英国现代警察制度的建立

罗伯特·皮尔是近代著名的政治家.他在担任英国内政大臣期间,促使议会通过了其创建新警察制度的议案<大伦敦警察法>,使英国建立起世界上最早的现代警察队伍.英国还颁布<警察训令>规范警察行为准则和行事规则,为其他国家现代警察制度建设提供了有益的经验.     

基督教关于成圣的思想及方法

基督教义中有关“成圣”的思想及其方法是指导基督徒意识形态的基本要素。“成圣”与终极关怀密切相关。本文阐述了新旧约圣经有关成圣的内容及多位有重要影响的神学家的观点,从而总结出基督教成圣的思想及成圣方法,继而找出基督教关于人生终极关怀(成圣)的路向。     

社会主义核心价值体系的科学内涵

社会主义核心价值体系是立足于社会主义经济基础之上的价值认同系统.在社会主义核心价值体系这一有机体中,马克思主义指导思想居于最高层面,是指对作为认识世界、改造世界的理论基础的马克思主义的价值认同,从根本上说,是指对人类社会发展规律的价值认同;中国特色社会主义的共同理想是指对国家、民族追求的未来美好发展前景的价值认同;以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神,是指对实现共同理想的动力之源的价值认同;社会主义荣辱观居于重要地位,它指的是对公民思想行为选择标准的价值认同.准确地把握社会主义核心价值体系的科学内涵及其精神实质,是建设社会主义核心价值体系的前提,对于倡导和谐理念,培育和谐精神,打牢全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的思想道德基础,具有极为重要而又深远的理论意义和实践意义.