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951.
Treadmill exercise enhances passive avoidance learning in rats: the role of down-regulated serotonin system in the limbic system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chen HI Lin LC Yu L Liu YF Kuo YM Huang AM Chuang JI Wu FS Liao PC Jen CJ 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,89(4):489-496
While serotonin (5-HT) may impair learning and memory, exercise has been reported to improve them. Whether chronic exercise can facilitate fear memory via regulating the serotonin system is unknown. We examined the effects of 4-week treadmill exercise training on levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the protein expression of its receptor 5-HT1A and transporter in the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results demonstrated that treadmill exercise (1) improved the passive avoidance learning performance; (2) decreased the 5-HT level in the hippocampus; (3) decreased the expression of 5-HT1A receptor in the amygdala without altering the transporter expression. Moreover, pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylamino tetralin, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, impaired the passive avoidance performance and completely abolished the exercise-enhanced fear memory. Our results suggest that down-regulation of the 5-HT system in the limbic system, i.e., the reduction of the hippocampus 5-HT content and the amygdala 5-HT1A receptor expression, may be involved in the exercise-enhanced fear memory. 相似文献
952.
Wu AM 《Psychology, health & medicine》2008,13(1):48-54
Since family permission is necessary for organ procurement to occur in China, family discussions about posthumous organ donation are crucial for increasing the actual organ donation and transplant rate. However, this study found that among 298 Chinese young adults, most of them (88%) were reluctant to talk about organ donation with their families. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study investigated communication within families about organ donation. Psychological factors included intention, attitude, subjective norm, death anxiety, and knowledge. As expected, the subjective norm was more powerful than attitude in explaining family discussions among Chinese people. Death anxiety, but not misconception, also significantly lowered the likelihood of family discussion. It is concluded that future campaigns for lessening death anxiety and promoting the social norm for organ donation must be conducted in Chinese societies, in order to encourage family discussions and improve the donation rate. 相似文献
953.
Wu KC 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2008,8(5):28-30; discussion W1-3
954.
不同概化的问题原型对问题归类和解决的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
探讨原理学习过程中形成不同概化程度/问题原型对解决不同适宜程度问题的影响。实验1探讨个体形成不同概化程度问题原型对解决表面内容不同适宜程度的问题的效果;实验2探讨形成不同概化程度问题原型的被试解决问题的信息加工方式与机制;实验3进一步探讨形成不同概化程度问题原型的个体解决复杂问题的效果与机制。结果表明:(1)形成概化程度较高的问题原型有利于个体对表面内容不适宜题目的解答;(2)形成概化程度较高问题原型的被试在解答适宜或不适宜问题时均能迅速激活问题原型而通达原理图式,因此,更多地采用图式的方法解决问题;(3)形成概化程度较高的问题原型会有助于被试排除题目的无关信息,正确进行解答。 相似文献
955.
群体决策过程中的信息取样偏差 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
一般认为,决策群体的优势是能综合各个成员拥有的不完整信息,形成对所有决策备择方案的无偏差的认识,从而作出最佳选择。但“群体讨论中的有偏差信息取样模型’认为,群体在决策中往往表现出倾向于讨论两种信息:(1)各成员讨论前都拥有的信息;(2)支持成员在讨论前所偏好的信息。该实验通过模拟人员选拔决策形式的实验室实验,对这一模型的假设进行验证。研究结果表明,大多数群体选择了一开始受到大多数成员支持的候选人,而非实际的最佳人选;群体讨论非但未纠正,反而加强了成员对候选人原有的歪曲印象。 相似文献
956.
Jeanne E. Manese John T. Wu Cecilia A. Nepomuceno 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2001,29(1):31-40
The impact of integrated multicultural internship training on multicultural counseling competencies was evaluated. Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (MCAS:B; J. G. Ponterotto, C. M. Sanchez, & D. M. Magids, 1991) scores were obtained at the beginning and end of internship. Knowledge/Skills scores significantly increased at the end of training. Implications for training, measurement, and research with multicultural counseling competencies are discussed. El impacto de integrar las competencias de consejería multicultural en el entrenamiento de internados de psicología, fué evaluado. Los resultados de internos en la Escala de Consciencia de Consejería Multicultural (MCAS:B; J. G. Ponterotto, C. M. Sanchez, & D. M. Magids, 1991) fueron obtenidos al principio y al final del entrenamiento. Al fin del entrenamiento los resultados de las technica/conocimientos aumentaron significamente. Consideraciones para el entrenamiento, la medición e investigación de las competencias de consejería multicultural son discutidas. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
Ling-ling Wu 《Acta psychologica》2009,132(2):173-189
In three experiments, participants received nouns or noun phrases for objects and verbally generated their properties (“feature listing”). Several sources of evidence indicated that participants constructed perceptual simulations to generate properties for the noun phrases during conceptual combination. First, the production of object properties for noun phrases depended on occlusion, with unoccluded properties being generated more often than occluded properties. Because a perceptual variable affected conceptual combination, perceptual simulations appeared central to combining the concepts for modifiers and head nouns. Second, neutral participants produced the same distributions of properties as participants instructed to describe images, suggesting that the conceptual representations used by neutral participants were similar to the mental images used by imagery participants. Furthermore, the property distributions for neutral and imagery participants differed from those for participants instructed to produce word associations. Third, participants produced large amounts of information about background situations associated with the object cues, suggesting that the simulations used to generate properties were situated. The experiments ruled out alternative explanations that simulation effects occur only for familiar noun phrases associated with perceptual memories and that rules associated with modifiers produce occlusion effects. A process model of the property generation task grounded in simulation mechanisms is presented. The possibility of integrating the simulation account of conceptual combination with traditional accounts and well-established findings is explored. 相似文献
960.
我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文基于2000年全国0 95‰人口普查数据和2005年上海1%人口抽样调查资料,运用logstic回归分析等定量方法,就我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性进行了初步的分析.本文认为,独生子女总体的婚姻较为稳定,但与非独生子女群体相比,独生子女尤其是第一代低龄独生女性婚姻不稳定的比例较高;独生子女的婚姻稳定程度与就业状况、受教育程度等个人特征密切相关,与父母婚姻的稳定性等家庭背景也有一定的联系. 相似文献