父母教养与学业成就：心理因素的中介作用

近十几年来,研究者们致力于探究父母教养与子女学业成就关系的内在机制。认知、大五人格、动机与自我概念作为学习者的心理特质,在父母教养与学业成就间起着重要的中介作用。父母教养能通过影响这些心理因素间接地影响子女的学业成就。尽管研究者们在该领域已经取得较为丰富的研究成果,仍需要在将来加强综合性研究、应用研究和跨文化比较研究,以深化和拓展对这一领域的探索,同时促进已有研究成果的应用。     

多元视角下的城邦与灵魂——记第九届柏拉图研讨会

2010年8月2日-7日在日本东京庆应义塾大学山田校区举办的第九届柏拉图研讨会以"柏拉图的<理想国>"(Plato's Politeia)为题,汇聚数百名当代学者,全方位地检视这部巨著中对城邦、灵魂、善、形式(理念)、诗歌等诸多主题的反思.本文略记大会盛况及日本古典学界观感.     

高中生自我和谐与心理健康的相关研究

目的:了解高中生自我和谐总体状况、心理健康状况及其关系。方法:采用《自我和谐量表》(SCCS)和《中学生心理健康问卷》对湖南、贵州四所中学的高中生进行测量。结果:高中生自我和谐情况不太理想;高中生在不和谐因子得分与大学生常模并无显著差异,在灵活性上差异非常显著(p<0.001),在刻板性上差异显著(p<0.05);高中生自我与经验的不和谐、刻板性、自我和谐总分均与心理健康各因子呈显著正相关;自我的灵活性与心理健康总分、偏执、敌对、适应不良等呈正相关。结论:高中生自我和谐与心理健康存在显著的相关性,自我和谐对心理健康具有一定的预测作用,培养高中生的自我和谐性有助于提高其心理健康水平。     

Using SAS PROC TCALIS for multigroup structural equation modelling with mean structures

Multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) is a technique frequently used to evaluate measurement invariance in social and behavioural science research. Before version 9.2, SAS was incapable of handling multigroup SEM. However, this limitation is resolved in PROC TCALIS in SAS 9.2. For the purpose of illustration, this paper provides a step-by-step guide to programming the tests of measurement invariance and partial invariance using PROC TCALIS for multigroup SEM with mean structures. Fit indices and parameter estimates are validated, thus providing an alternative tool for researchers conducting both applied and simulated studies. Other new features (e.g., different types of modelling languages and estimation methods) and limitations (e.g., ordered-categorical SEM and multilevel SEM) of the TCALIS procedure are also briefly discussed.     

One-year follow-up analysis of cognitive and psychological consequences among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake

The catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred on May 12, 2008 in the West of the Sichuan basin in China and caused severe damage. A project was undertaken to examine the cognitive and psychological effects one year after the disaster among 2080 individuals in the local area. We evaluated the influence of gender, age, education level, and ethnic group on five aspects: work satisfaction, living satisfaction, health self-perception, psychological pressure, and psychological recovery. Male subjects had a better performance in all five aspects, which indicated that women were more affected. Subjects of different ethnic groups showed significantly different attitudes with respect to psychological pressure and psychological recovery. Significant differences for all the five aspects were also found in education level and age. The results showed that older people and those with a lower education level probably had more psychological problems. There were significant correlations between work satisfaction and living satisfaction, living satisfaction and health self-perception, living satisfaction and psychological recovery, and psychological pressure and psychosocial recovery. Living satisfaction and education level were significant predictors of psychological pressure. For psychological recovery, significant predictors were living satisfaction, age, work satisfaction, education level, and gender. The study findings indicated that government programs should provide more support for females, older people, those with a lower education level, and those in lower living conditions. Attention should be given not only to the psychological effects on each victim, but also to related issues such as work and living conditions to promote psychological wellbeing. Limitations of this study are addressed.     

Fitts’ law holds for pointing movements under conditions of restricted visual feedback

Fitts’ law robustly predicts the time required to move rapidly to a target. However, it is unclear whether Fitts’ law holds for visually guided actions under visually restricted conditions. We tested whether Fitts’ law applies under various conditions of visual restriction and compared pointing movements in each condition. Ten healthy participants performed four pointing movement tasks under different visual feedback conditions, including full-vision (FV), no-hand-movement (NM), no-target-location (NT), and no-vision (NV) feedback conditions. The movement times (MTs) for each task exhibited highly linear relationships with the index of difficulty (r² > .96). These findings suggest that pointing movements follow Fitts’ law even when visual feedback is restricted or absent. However, the MTs and accuracy of pointing movements decreased for difficult tasks involving visual restriction.     

文化生活脚本理论及其研究进展

为了解释人对于生活事件的回忆出现的记忆隆起现象,出现了文化生活脚本理论。文化生活脚本是文化上共享、关于重要生活事件发生时间及顺序的知识。它是规范事件的图式,可以用来检索和叙述个人过去经历的过程。文章综述了文化脚本的研究及其进展,并对进一步的研究提出了设想。     

"嫁主里面的人"——乡村基督徒姻亲结合的宗教社会学观

乡村社会出现越来越多基督徒与基督徒的姻亲结合,我们通过基督教经典<圣经>投射的神与基督徒、基督徒家庭结构、婚姻行为、婚姻观念的统计,结合婚礼发挥的姻亲结合认同、基督徒群体团结的功能分析,探析基督徒姻亲结合表达的宗教及社会需求所在:乡村基督徒姻亲结合,是信徒构建神圣与世俗秩序的宗教需求,同时,宗教关系的血亲化、家族化,满足了作为基督徒的村民对熟人社会再造的社会需求.     

人类道德的历史形态论析

马克思主义的社会形态理论是理解道德历史形态的钥匙。五形态论和三形态论都是唯物史观分析人类社会发展史得出的正确结论。相应地有道德发展三形态论和五形态论,三形态论更符合道德的内在精神。以此为理论基础进行分析,现实社会主义道德处于物的依赖关系为基础的人的独立性的单子式的道德发展阶段,虽然其起点比当时资本主义还低,但社会主义道德以其科学的指导思想、先进的政治制度和高尚的价值追求为落后国家摆脱整体性道德、超越单子式道德、建立和发展人的自由全面发展的和谐型道德开辟了广阔的前景。