Modality effect in false recognition: evidence from Chinese characters

Using the Deese/Roediger‐McDermott (DRM) false memory method, Smith and Hunt ( 1998 ) first reported the modality effect on false memory and showed that false recall from DRM lists was lower following visual study than following auditory study, which led to numerous studies on the mechanism of modality effect on false memory and provided many competing explanations. In the present experiment, the authors tested the modality effect in false recognition by using a blocked presentation condition and a random presentation condition. The present experiment found a modality effect different from the results of the previous research; namely, false recognition was shown to be greater following visual study than following auditory study, especially in the blocked presentation condition rather than in the random presentation condition. The authors argued that this reversed modality effect may be due to different encoding and processing characteristics between Chinese characters and English words. Compared with English words, visual graphemes of critical lures in Chinese lists are likely to be activated and encoded in participants' minds, thus it is more difficult for participants to discriminate later inner graphemes from those items presented in visual modality. Hence visual presentation could lead to more false recognition than auditory presentation in Chinese lists. The results in the present experiment demonstrated that semantic activation occurring during the encoding and retrieve phases played an important role in modality effect in false recognition, and our findings might be explained by the activation‐monitoring account.     

清初高道石和阳

清朝初年,庐山出现了一个著名的道教人物石和阳,他在唐朝道士刘混成修炼的木瓜洞隐修,声名远播,留下了不少事迹。清朝毛德琦《庐山志》、民国吴宗慈《庐山志》收录有陈梦雷的《题木瓜崖石嵩隐传赞碑铭     

不同形式的阅读干预在儿童读写能力发展中的作用

以419名低年级小学生为研究对象,通过为期一年的教学干预研究,探讨了独立阅读和分享阅读对儿童阅读和写作能力的影响。结果发现：（1）分享阅读和独立阅读均可提高学生的阅读能力,阅读量是影响阅读能力发展的重要因素;（2）独立阅读是提高写作能力的最有效方式。     

宋以前孝道是否有“教团”崇拜

所谓“孝道”,是晋以来人们因共同尊崇孝或许逊而凝聚成的一个宗教性群体,以推崇孝行为主要特征,乃“净明忠孝道”之前身。学术界关于净明忠孝道形成时间的看法颇有分歧,如日本学者秋月观认为应在元代刘玉教团出现时,而中国大陆学者则多主张应为南宋何真公教团出现时;但无论如何,大家对南宋以后有崇拜许逊之“教团”存在,却有着一致的认识。那么,南宋以前是否有崇拜许逊之“教团”存在呢?笔者所说的“教团”,实指具有宗教性质的团体。在这种团体中,人们不仅追求共同的信仰、崇拜共同的神灵,而且拥有共同的行为规范和活动场所,甚至还造作用以…     

自尊与主观幸福感关系研究

本研究从自尊结构出发,探讨自尊和主观幸福感之间的关系。研究发现：(1)男性SWB显著高于女性;(2)在高外显自尊个体中,内隐自尊越高。主观幸福感水平越高;在低外显自尊个体中,内隐自尊没有影响个体的主观幸福感。     

学习不良儿童心理健康的特点研究

考察学习不良儿童心理健康（学习、自我、人际关系、社会生活适应）的特点。被试为小学3～5年级83名儿童。结果发现：学习不良儿童与一般儿童的心理健康存在显著差异;学习不良儿童的学习、自我、社会生活适应等方面显著低于一般儿童。在学习各维度上,学习不良儿童与一般儿童的自我满足感、体脑协调性、学习习惯之间存在显著差异;在自我各维度上,学习不良儿童与一般儿童的社会自我、学术自我、自我认同之间存在显著差异;在社会生活适应各维度上,学习不良儿童与一般儿童的亲社会行为、居家能力存在显著差异。     

社会认知基本维度与主观幸福感：未来时间洞察力的中介作用

基于社会认知双视角模型和人类适应机制,探讨能动性和表达性与主观幸福感的关系及其作用机制,采用社会认知基本维度形容词词库、未来时间洞察力问卷和幸福感指数量表对全国21个省市居民进行调查,共回收有效问卷4071份,其中男性1714人（42.1%）,女性2342人（57.5%）。结果表明：（1）能动性、表达性显著正向预测主观幸福,且能动性的预测效力大于表达性;未来时间洞察力显著正向预测主观幸福感;（2）能动性、表达性能通过未来时间洞察力的中介作用间接预测个人主观幸福感。本研究结果有利于揭示能动性、表达性如何影响个体主观幸福感体验,以及能动性、表达性对主观幸福感的影响程度,对于提升个人主观幸福感有一定启示意义。     

一线消防员心理应激的实证研究

本文探讨了消防员工作群体的应激过程中的4个方面,包括心理应激源、应激反应、应对方式和社会支持。同时编制了心理应激问卷,考察了该问卷心理应激源、应激反应、应对方式、社会支持4个分量表的信度和效度及各个分量表的因素结构。     

On the Idea of Freedom and Its Rejection in Chinese Thought and Institutions

In this paper I undertake a historical investigation to show that one of the most important cognitive reasons of being afraid of the notion of freedom in the mainstream of Chinese society and Chinese people since the Qin and Han dynasties is: people mistakenly relate freedom with indulgence. The essential feature of the culture of courtesy and humanization is to attach importance to the function and value of social order. The need for order crushes the appeal to open-minded and diverse lives. This ‘closed view’ of ideology still deeply constrains Chinese thinking today for politicians in particular.     

社会变迁中的科学技术及其后现代反思

科学技术是人类摆脱短缺,走向富裕的手段,是社会生产力的重要因素。但是,技术统治导致了人与自然、人与社会关系的彻底改变,其引发的消费社会的形成,助长了环境危机和人类的精神危机。科技的两重性表明,大力发展科学技术是必要的,但也要对科学技术对人类社会造成的影响及其在社会变迁过程中的发展脉络有正确的把握。因此,对科学技术进行后现代的反思,对于促进我们走一条技术人文化的科学发展之路有着重要的启示作用。