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141.
Kendra L. Seaman Josiah K. Leong Charlene C. Wu Brian Knutson Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2017,17(6):1232-1241
Older adults are disproportionately targeted by fraud schemes that advertise unlikely but large returns (positively skewed risks). We examined adult age differences in choice and neural activity as individuals considered risky gambles. Gambles were symmetric (50% chance of modest win or loss), positively skewed (25% chance of large gain), or negatively skewed (25% chance of large loss). The willingness to accept positively skewed relative to symmetric gambles increased with age, and this effect replicated in an independent behavioral study. Whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses comparing positively (vs. negatively) skewed trials revealed that relative to younger adults, older adults showed increased anticipatory activity for negatively skewed gambles but reduced activity for positively skewed gambles in the anterior cingulate and lateral prefrontal regions. Individuals who were more biased toward positively skewed gambles showed increased activity in a network of regions including the nucleus accumbens. These results reveal age biases toward positively skewed gambles and age differences in corticostriatal regions during skewed risk-taking, and have implications for identifying financial decision biases across adulthood. 相似文献
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Aruna Wu Xiao-Wen Li Lihua Zhou Qian Zhang 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2017,51(3):477-495
A sequel to the previous article “Roots of Excellence: The Releasing Effect of Individual Potentials through Educational Cultural Intervention in a Chinese School” (in press), the present study is on the unexpected reversal phenomena in the process of cultural intervention. The goal of the intervention is to construct the dynamics of Jiti (well-organized collective in Chinese) through creative activities to promote students’ development. In the intervention, the releasing effect (Wu et al. 2016) emerged as well, but the teacher’s concern about worsening discipline and academic performance evoked and reinforced his habitual notions and practices of education, turning the joint activities into a way of strengthening discipline. The energy that had been discharging at the beginning of the intervention was inhibited, so that many more problematic behaviors took shape. The whole class formed an inhibitory atmosphere, within which pupils formed self-defensive regulation strategies. By comparing with the productive collective in which intervention was effective and analyzing this unexpected reversal process, we can not only see pupils’ self-construction status in the inhibitory culture but illuminate the formation of the teacher’s resistance to educational and cultural transformation as well. Resistance is originated from teachers not being able to interpret pupils’ inner developmental needs but instead anxious about the ongoing problems. 相似文献
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Why did adolescents have sleep problems after earthquakes? Understanding the role of traumatic exposure,fear, and PTSD
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To examine the relationships between trauma exposure, fear, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and sleep problems in adolescents, 746 adolescent survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China were assessed at 1 year (T1) and 1.5 years (T2) after the earthquake using a trauma exposure questionnaire, a fear questionnaire, a child posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scale, and a subscale on child sleep problems. The results showed that T1 trauma exposure were not directly associated with sleep problems at T1 and T2, but played a positive role in sleep problems at both T1 and T2 indirectly through T1 posttraumatic stress disorder and T1 fear. T1 trauma exposure was also positively and indirectly associated with T2 sleep problems through T1 posttraumatic stress disorder via T1 sleep problems, or through T1 fear via the path from T1 posttraumatic stress disorder to T1 sleep problems. These findings indicated that fear and posttraumatic stress disorder 1 year after the earthquake played a mediating role in the relationship between trauma exposure at 1 year after the earthquake, and sleep problems at both 1 year and 1.5 years after the earthquake, respectively. In particular, posttraumatic stress disorder also had a multiple mediating effect in the path from trauma exposure to sleep problems via fear. Furthermore, the findings indicated that sleep problems were relatively stable between 1 and 1.5 years after an earthquake. 相似文献
146.
本文就元代净明道所受朱熹、陆九渊学说的影响进行了探讨,以为:朱、陆学说之所以能对元代净明道产生巨大影响,乃与其多活动于江西有着密切的关系;元代净明道的宇宙观实多吸取了朱熹之学,而其修行论则多受到了陆九渊之学的影响.但是,净明道并未能很好地消化朱、陆之学说,由此而导致了其思想体系中的一些矛盾. 相似文献
147.
探索课题研究的前提性问题是从事任何一项真正意义的学术研究不可缺少的准备性工作。内隐自我信息加工方式研究是社会认知心理学领域的一个前沿性课题,它是从认知心理学的角度对人在无意状态下自动地加工与自我有关信息的过程和方式所进行的整体性研究。这一研究不但具有重要的理论价值和应用价值。而且具有其他研究无法替代的独特性。 相似文献
148.
创造力与能力、专长及胜任力关系评述 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
创造力的实质及其培养问题,一直处于心理学家研究的视野当中。本文试图对创造力与能力、专长及胜任力等相关概念的关系作以简要评述,以期获得对创造力更深刻的理解。 相似文献
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面试中的AIM问题及改进对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
面试、尤其是结构化面试是企业、政府机关及一些非盈利性组织选拔人才的最常用的工具。随着应聘者的面试经验增加,面试选拔优秀人才的难度也在增加。本文借鉴国外“印象控制”(AIM)概念,就如何克服主试者的主观偏见、第一印象偏见、次序对比偏见等面试误差、提高面试的信度和效度作了探索。 相似文献