韩仙洞与八仙悟真观

在大巴山北坡,岚河源头,莽莽的丛山峻岭中,常年云雾缭绕,紫烟升腾,彩翠成岚,曲径蜿蜒通向幽深的僻洞.神奇的故事千百年来流传在民间,说这里是八位仙人修道的地方!不知何年何月仙人们在这深山里各居一洞,修道炼丹,降妖除魔,修成正果,仙赴蓬莱,横渡东海,各显神通.人们说,仙人的法术是在这巴山深处修炼的.     

刑释人员人身危险性的测评研究

我们对上海市1994年至1999年所释放的全部约1万5千名上海籍刑释人员进行了详细调查，从中筛选出与重新犯罪有显著相关关系的因素编制成《刑释人员个体人身危险性测评量表》，用多元回归分析方法预测刑释人员在获释后2年内的重新犯罪情况，经检验，其准确率为92％。     

宽容:"他者"在场--从《包容他者》的道德视域出发

西方的"宽容"理念经历了一个历史性演变:从神学世界观的"上帝宽恕"到房龙先生的解放意义的"宽容"再到哈贝马斯的交往理性的"包容",在此过程中随着被观察视野的不断拓展而获得越加丰富和深化的本质内涵.以哈贝马斯为例,他的<包容他者>提供了一个具有代表性的伦理道德视域,由此出发,他既考察"宽容"的世界观意义,检视"宽容"在历史语境中的生活价值取向,也为现实生活世界设定了"包容"、尊重与团结"他者"的交往伦理原则.     

科学哲学中的社会科学因果性争论述评

自20世纪90年代以来,社会科学的因果性问题越来越引起科学哲学界的关注.一条比较鲜明的线索是,三大主要的因果性研究进路一以斯皮尔斯(Peter Spirtes)和格利默(Clark Glymour)为代表的贝叶斯网(Bayes-nets)进路;以伍德沃德(James Woodward)和豪斯曼(Daniel Hausman)为代表的模块性(modularity)与不变性(invariance)进路以及胡佛(Kevin Hoover)的功效性(efficacy)进路一的提出,以及卡特赖特分别对他们的批判和由此引起的争论.     

血糖水平对STZ鼠探究行为及学习记忆的影响

为了解不同血糖水平下链脲佐菌素诱导鼠（STZ鼠）探究行为与学习和记忆的变化情况,把60只STZ鼠按血糖水平分成高血糖组、良好血糖组和低血糖组3组,进行延迟时间、探究时间测定和小鼠跳台试验,并与正常对照组比较。结果发现,良好血糖组与正常对照组各检测指标均相近;3组STZ鼠延迟时间、完成迷津作业时间均按血糖值递增;组间差异显著;小鼠跳台试验中高血糖组的错误数最多,24小时后错误数最少,前后差值有组间差异;延迟时间、探究时间与血糖呈显著正相关,错误数差值与血糖呈显著负相关。结果表明,高血糖鼠的探究行为和学习能力最差,但对被动回避学习的记忆保持相对较好。     

构建河流伦理促进人水和谐

河流伦理是在当今黄河等中外河流面临空前危机的背景下提出的,它将人与人之间的伦理关系拓展到人与河流的关系中,从多维视角论证了"河流是有生命的",扩大了道德共同体,从哲学层面确立了河流新的价值尺度,提出了河流的基本权利,建立了人类与河流的新型关系,明确了人类开发利用河流的基本原则,同时论述了河流伦理与河流立法的辩证关系以及河流立法的法理特点.构建河流伦理的意义在于:一是有利于提高人们对于河流生命的科学认识水准;二是在特定的时代背景下,对河流生命理念进行培育和弘扬;三是改善调控管理,推动流域由单纯治理向有机管理转变,从而为实现人与河流和谐相处提供有力的理论支撑.     

Riskier for me or for others? The role of domain and probability in self-other differences,in risky decision-making

Abstract

In social and economic interactions, people often decide differently for others, as against for themselves, under situations involving risks. This sometimes leads to conflicts or contradictions. Although previous studies have explored such contradictions, the findings have been inconsistent. To reconcile these inconsistencies, this paper investigates the role played by the different domains and probabilities in the self-other differences under risk. Two groups of participants completed a gambling task combining different domains (gain vs. loss) and probabilities (small vs. large). One group made decisions for others and the other group made decisions for themselves. The results revealed a four pattern of discrepancy: the ones who made decisions for others were less risk-seeking than those who made decisions for themselves over the small probability gains. This was reversed over the large probability gains. Conversely, the participants who made decisions for others were more risk-seeking than those who made decisions for themselves over the small probability losses. The results were reversed over the large probability losses. These results reconcile the contradictory findings of the previous studies and suggest the significant role played by contextual factors in such discrepancies.     

The Effects of Extrinsic Motivation on Scientific and Artistic Creativity among Middle School Students

The present study tested the effects of extrinsic motivation on scientific and artistic creativity among Chinese middle school students. In Study 1, a between-groups design was applied to examine the effects of expected rewards on scientific and artistic creativity among 123 students, and in Study 2 the same design was applied to examine the effects of expected evaluation from different raters on scientific and artistic creativity among 120 students. We also considered the effects of grade and gender in both studies. The results of Study 1 indicated that expected material reward had significant negative effects on scientific creativity for 7th graders, while expected social reward had significant positive effects on scientific creativity for 8th graders, and both expected material and social rewards had significant positive effects on artistic creativity. The results of Study 2 indicated that expected evaluation from teachers and classmates had significant negative effects on scientific creativity and significant positive effects on artistic creativity. These results suggest that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the effects of extrinsic motivation and creativity, Factors such as culture, type of extrinsic motivation, grade, and domains of creativity must be fully considered when cultivating adolescents’ creativity.     

Issues in the identification and long-term management of Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome within a clinical infant service

Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome is a version of Munchausen's Syndrome whereby a parent, usually the mother, simulates or fabricates disease in one or more of her children in order to seek medical attention. Because this disorder is usually identified in pediatric settings, current literature focuses on identification of the syndrome, with little discussion of treatment issues or management strategies other than confrontation of the parent and removal of the child from the home. With the increased availability of infant mental health services, infant clinicians are likely to be called on to evaluate and treat cases of this disorder. This paper reviews the Munchausen by Proxy literature for infant clinicians and describes the identification and long-term management of one Munchausen by Proxy case within the context of an infant home-visiting service. Pertinent issues that emerged included the difficulties inherent in documenting the mother's pathological behavior, the clinical tension between preventing flight from treatment but limiting harmful behavior, the need for a long-term collaborative relationship with a designated pediatrician, and the importance of further education of protective service workers about this syndrome.