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361.
低家庭社会经济地位与青少年社会适应的关系:感恩的补偿和调节效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该研究采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、青少年外化问题行为调查表、焦虑抑郁量表、学业成就问卷和感恩问卷对1518名中学生进行调查,考察了低家庭社会经济地位(低家庭SES)与青少年社会适应的关系,以及感恩在其中的补偿和调节效应。结果发现:1)低家庭SES与外化问题行为和内化问题行为(以焦虑抑郁为指标)显著正相关,与学业成就显著负相关;2)感恩在低家庭SES与青少年社会适应各指标关系间的补偿效应均显著;3)感恩在低家庭SES与青少年社会适应各指标关系间的调节效应均不显著。这表明低家庭SES对青少年发展具有跨领域的不利影响,而感恩在其中具有显著"滞后的"补偿作用,但"同步的"风险缓冲作用有限。 相似文献
362.
Lin TW Chen SJ Huang TY Chang CY Chuang JI Wu FS Kuo YM Jen CJ 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2012,97(1):140-147
Different exercise paradigms show differential effects on various forms of memory. We hypothesize that the differential effects of exercises on memory performance are caused by different neuroplasticity changes in relevant brain regions in response to different exercise trainings. We examined the effects of treadmill running (TR) and wheel running (WR) on the Pavlovian fear conditioning task that assesses learning and memory performance associated with the amygdala (cued conditioning) and both the amygdala and hippocampus (contextual conditioning). The skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity, an indicator of aerobic capacity, was elevated in rats received 4 w of TR, but not WR. While both TR and WR elevated the contextual conditional response, only TR facilitated the cued conditional response. Using a single-neuron labeling technique, we found that while both TR and MR enlarged the dendritic field and increased the spine density in hippocampal CA3 neurons, only TR showed these effects in basolateral amygdalar neurons. Moreover, both types of exercise upregulated synaptic proteins (i.e., TrkB and SNAP-25) in the hippocampus; however only TR showed similar effects in the amygdala. Injection of K252a, a TrkB kinase inhibitor, in the dorsal hippocampus or basolateral amygdala abolished the exercise-facilitated contextual or cued fear learning and memory performance, respectively, regardless of the types of exercise. In summary, our results supported that different types of exercise affect the performance of learning and memory via BDNF-TrkB signaling and neuroplasticity in specific brain regions. The brain region-specific neuronal adaptations are possibly induced by various levels of intensity/stress elicited by different types of exercise. 相似文献
363.
Sheeber LB Kuppens P Shortt JW Katz LF Davis B Allen NB 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2012,12(5):913-918
Though much is known about the stable mood patterns that characterize depressive disorder, less attention has been directed to identifying and understanding the temporal dynamics of emotions. In the present study, we examined how depression affects the trajectory of dysphoric and angry adolescent emotional behavior during adolescent-parent interactions. Adolescents (72 depressed; 69 nondepressed) engaged in video recorded positive and negative interactions with their parents. Depressed adolescents showed a linear increase in dysphoric behaviors throughout the negative interactions, while the incidence of these behaviors remained relatively stable across the interactions among nondepressed adolescents. A similar linear increase was not found in angry behavior. These findings show that depression in adolescence is associated with greater escalation of dysphoria during conflictual interactions between adolescents and their parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
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用SDQ(家长版)对上海10所小学二至四年级学生进行测查,以探求被试的ADHD症状表现,锁定ADHD高风险儿童。结果:(1)男生ADHD得分偏高(p<.01),但女生在红橙两个级别内的百分数均高于男生;(2)9岁被试的ADHD得分分布最分散,占男生ADHD红色级别的比例最大,在女生ADHD得分中均值最大;(3)红橙两个级别为高风险级别。结论:(1)9岁是ADHD症状表现最严重的年龄;(2)女生具有更高的ADHD风险;(3)ADHD高风险被试晒出率:男生14.4%,女生17.4%。 相似文献
367.
通过亚里士多德和康德的德福观和早期儒家德福观的比较,我们发现中西德福观之间有着一定的相通性和具体理解上的差异性。他们都强调德福一致的道德应当性,都承认德性对幸福的优先性。但在德福一致的实现上,表现出不同的诉求。亚里士多德和康德的德福一致的实现都有外在善条件和神学的最终保障,具有外在性和宗教性诉求。而先秦儒家或致力于德福一致的现实化,或时命不济而修身俟命,具有内在性和现世性诉求。董仲舒通过德福顺天、君圣合一、德福一体的正当性证成和制度性保障,使得德福一致成为天经地义的天意,而按天意安排的人间正义秩序,必然是一个德福一致的有道社会。董仲舒德福一体观,把德福一致从天上拉回人间,把先秦儒家的修身俟命落实到当下现实,标志着早期儒学德福观发展的成熟。 相似文献
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369.
The two facets of conscientiousness, achievement orientation and dependability, have frequently been found to relate to performance outcomes in different manners. However, little research has examined the interaction between these two facets. In this article we examine the main effect and interaction of these two facets in predicting managerial execution. Using two separate samples of Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) students (N?=?167 in Study 1 and N?=?269 in Study 2), we found that dependability but not achievement orientation had a direct positive association with coworkers’ rating on managerial execution. More important, there was an interaction effect between these two facets. Dependability was strongly associated with execution among managers with high achievement orientation, but not among managers with low achievement orientation. 相似文献
370.
Jenna M. Klotz Matthew D. Johnson Steve W. Wu Kelly M. Isaacs 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(6):576-585
Slower and more variable reaction times to computerized tasks have been documented in children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent research supports a role for attentional lapses in generating abnormally variable and slow responses. However, given the association between ADHD and impairments in motor control, we hypothesized that slower or more variable reaction times might also correlate with motor development. The aim of this case-control study was to explore the relationship between motor function, reaction speed and variability, and ADHD. After comprehensive educational and clinical assessments, motor skill development was evaluated in 35 children ages 9 to 14 (19 with ADHD) using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS) test battery. Finger-sequencing speed and variability were quantified with goniometers. Reaction times were measured with 20 trials each of computerized simple and choice (binary) tasks. Compared to healthy controls, children with ADHD had slower and more variable reaction times, and these findings correlated with impaired motor development (PANESS) and slow and variable finger sequencing (goniometers). Further studies of motor development in ADHD may identify factors influencing speed and variability of reaction times. 相似文献