十七大精神与社会正义

十七大报告中八个地方专门提到公平正义的用语,并且明确指出,实现社会公平正义是中国共产党人的一贯主张,是发展中国特色社会主义的重大任务.报告中从社会发展一般目标到具体的制度体制设计对什么是社会主义初级阶段的公平正义的内涵和怎样达致公平正义的目标作了具有时代特征的科学阐释,具有重大的理论和实践意义.     

国外学者眼中的当代马克思主义哲学问题——访凯文·B.安德森教授

凯文·B.安德森(Kevin B.Anderson),哲学博士,美国普渡大学政治系教授,当代著名的列宁哲学研究专家、西方马克思主义哲学和罗莎·卢森堡思想研究专家.长期以来从事马克思主义哲学研究工作,是国际马克思恩格斯著作MEGA2版考证版研究人员,主要承担<资本论>第1卷法文版、马克思晚年著作的考证工作.编有<罗莎·卢森堡读本> (2004年)、<否定的力量:黑格尔与马克思辩证法作品选>(2002年)、<埃里希·弗洛姆与批判的犯罪学>(2000年),著有<福柯与伊朗革命>(2005年)、<列宁、黑格尔与西方马克思主义>(1995年).     

苏州市劳动密集型企业民工的心理融入调查

民工的心理融入直接关系到城市经济发展和"城市和谐社会"的构建.本研究对苏州市高新技术产业开发区6家劳动密集型企业的20名外来民工进行了深度访谈,探讨了他们融入城市文化的心理状况.结果显示,苏州市劳动密集型企业民工有一定程度的心理融入,但是融入的范围狭小,层次较浅,且融入具有多面性.     

中国IT业从业人员非技能胜任素质测评系统的研发报告

具备专业知识的专业人员,在不同岗位上工作,有人成功,有人未获成功？非技能胜任素质应当是不可忽视的因素。本项研究以心理学研究和人才测评相结合的方法,对IT业从业人员的非技能胜任素质做了深入的研究,构建了IT业四类关键岗位——管理类、销售类、技术支持类、研发类的非技能胜任素质模型,并探索各胜任素质特征与工作绩效的关系,为IT业内各类岗位人才选拔、评价和培养提供了科学的依据以及人职匹配的操作模型。     

序列反应时任务中内隐和外显学习表征方式的实验研究

采用改进的序列反应时任务,探讨内隐和外显学习的知识表征方式,发现内隐组和外显组被试都习得了一定的序列规则.内隐组对标准字母的反应显著快于知觉偏差,而后者则又显著快于对动觉偏差字母的反应;外显组对标准字母的反应显著快于知觉偏差和动觉偏差,而后两者之间则没有区别.以上结果表明外显和内隐学习中知觉表征和动觉表征都起作用,不过在内隐学习中动觉表征起的作用更大.     

科学思维的心理学探索

科学思维的心理学研究起源于发展心理学的研究传统,在最近三十年不断拓展.本文首先回顾了在科学思维研究的发展过程中,其研究框架和模型的变化;进而阐述了近来科学思维研究所使用的典型实验范式;最后从发展、个体差异、专家新手比较以及教学干预这四个角度综述了近来一些科学思维的心理学研究成果,并探讨了这一领域未来的研究方向.     

Purple sweet potato color repairs d-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins

Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins used to color food (E163), has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The effect of PSPC on the spatial learning and memory of mice treated with d-galactose (d-gal) was evaluated by the Morris water maze; d-gal-treated mice had decreased performance compared with mice in the vehicle and PSPC groups, while the PSPC + d-gal group showed significantly shortened escape latency to platform, increased swimming speed, more target quadrant search time and more platform crossings as compared with the d-gal group. Brain functions, such as memory formation and recovery of function after injury, depend on proper regulation of the expression levels of the pre- and post-synaptic proteins. We investigated the expression of four pre-synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein-43, synapsin-I, synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin) and two post-synaptic proteins (post-synaptic density protein-95 and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, respectively, in response to different treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that there were significant decreases in the expression of these representative synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Interestingly, these decreased expression levels of synaptic proteins could be reversed by PSPC. The levels of expression of these representative synaptic proteins in mice treated with PSPC alone were not significantly different from those in untreated mice. The results of this study suggested that memory impairment and synaptic protein loss in d-gal-treated mice may be improved by treatment with PSPC.     

Treadmill exercise enhances passive avoidance learning in rats: the role of down-regulated serotonin system in the limbic system

While serotonin (5-HT) may impair learning and memory, exercise has been reported to improve them. Whether chronic exercise can facilitate fear memory via regulating the serotonin system is unknown. We examined the effects of 4-week treadmill exercise training on levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the protein expression of its receptor 5-HT_1A and transporter in the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results demonstrated that treadmill exercise (1) improved the passive avoidance learning performance; (2) decreased the 5-HT level in the hippocampus; (3) decreased the expression of 5-HT_1A receptor in the amygdala without altering the transporter expression. Moreover, pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylamino tetralin, a selective 5-HT_1A receptor agonist, impaired the passive avoidance performance and completely abolished the exercise-enhanced fear memory. Our results suggest that down-regulation of the 5-HT system in the limbic system, i.e., the reduction of the hippocampus 5-HT content and the amygdala 5-HT_1A receptor expression, may be involved in the exercise-enhanced fear memory.     

Discussion of posthumous organ donation in Chinese families

Since family permission is necessary for organ procurement to occur in China, family discussions about posthumous organ donation are crucial for increasing the actual organ donation and transplant rate. However, this study found that among 298 Chinese young adults, most of them (88%) were reluctant to talk about organ donation with their families. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study investigated communication within families about organ donation. Psychological factors included intention, attitude, subjective norm, death anxiety, and knowledge. As expected, the subjective norm was more powerful than attitude in explaining family discussions among Chinese people. Death anxiety, but not misconception, also significantly lowered the likelihood of family discussion. It is concluded that future campaigns for lessening death anxiety and promoting the social norm for organ donation must be conducted in Chinese societies, in order to encourage family discussions and improve the donation rate.