群体关系与问责对信息共享意愿及谈判行为的影响研究

本研究就国人的群体关系与问责对谈判者行为及信息共享意愿进行考察,试图探讨文化对谈判者的影响。通过对128名在校大学生的模拟谈判实验,发现谈判者在群内谈判比在群际谈判时有更高的信息共享意愿和更少的强硬行为,群体关系和问责对信息共享意愿及主观利益冲突有交互效应。具体而言,高度问责时,谈判者在群内谈判比群际谈判时有更多的信息共享意愿;低度问责时,谈判者在群内谈判比群际谈判时有更少的主观利益冲突。     

伦理学的历史感、时代性和开放性——马克思主义理论研究和建设工程《伦理学》教材编写课题组专家咨询会综述

马克思主义理论研究和建设工程<伦理学>教材编写课题组自2008年7月成立以来,已四月有余.四个多月以来,课题组成员在对伦理学的一些基本理论问题进行充分探讨并达成基本共识的基础上,按照教材编写的知识规范性暨完备性、学理逻辑性和学术科学性之基本要求,明确了提纲由三大板块,即基本理论、规范体系、道德实践构成,包括"导论"和十四章具体内容.     

心理学的繁荣与国家政策的影响

国家政策是国家在一定历史时期根据社会发展所做出的一系列的方针政策,它可以反映一个国家的意识形态,同时也影响着这一时期学术思想的倾向。通过考察心理学在美国临床心理学、社区心理学、教育心理学和经济心理学领域的形成和发展,探讨了国家政策对心理学发展的深远影响。当前的社会发展对心理学的需求越来越高,这对心理学的发展是一个很好的机遇,国家政策的支持将促进心理学的飞跃和发展。     

Parental Exposure to Mass Violence and Child Mental Health: The First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study

Children’s reactions after being exposed to mass violence may be influenced by a spectrum of factors. Relatively unexplored is the extent to which family exposure to mass violence may affect child mental health, even when these children have not been directly exposed. In a representative sample of NYC public school children assessed 6 months after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), seemingly elevated rates of psychopathology were recorded among children of WTC evacuees. Children of NYC First Responders (police officers, EMTs, and fire fighters) displayed a complex pattern of response to the WTC attack. Overall, the findings from this previous study support putative transmission of trauma to children whose parents were exposed to the WTC attack. The “Children of First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study”—a two-site longitudinal study—is currently underway in the United States (New York City) and in Israel (Tel Aviv area) in an effort to understand the impact of different patterns of mass violence. The NYC sample permits us to examine the impact of a rare instance of mass violence (e.g., WTC attack), while the Israeli sample provides information about repeated and frequent exposure to mass violence brought about by acts of terrorism. In addition, children’s exposure to mass violence is considered in the context of their exposure to other potentially traumatic events. This study aims to improve our general understanding of the impact of mass violence on children, especially the psychological effects on children whose parents’ work experiences are by nature stressful. Knowledge generated by this study has implications for guiding efforts to meet the needs of children who have, directly or through a family member, been subjected to rare or infrequent mass violent event as well as to children whose exposure to mass violence is part of daily life.     

Young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving

This paper presents a survey investigating young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving. A sample of 164 young driving learners completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which measured people’s intentions to use mobile phone while driving in handheld condition or hands-free condition, along with their attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control. The regression analysis models revealed that the TPB was able to explain 43% and 48% variance in hands-free mobile phone use intention and handheld mobile phone use intention, respectively, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest predictor. In addition, TPB components, usage frequency and perceived risk were more dependent on gender than age. These results have several theoretical and practical implications. In particular, interventions should emphasize on the risk of hands-free mobile phone use when driving for young drivers, especially for young male drivers.     

内隐完美主义效应及其与外显完美主义的关系

研究运用内隐联想测验对内隐完美主义进行了测验研究,同时用结构方程模型对内隐完美主义与外显完美主义的关系进行了探讨,结果表明:(1)内隐完美主义效应是存在的,个体无意识中有一种追求完美的倾向;(2)内隐完美主义测验的内部一致性比较高;(3)内隐完美主义和外显完美主义是相对独立的结构.     

企业新员工期望的结构和特点

鉴于以往多数研究仅考虑新员工情景期望的不足,本研究同时考虑情景期望和角色表现期望.建立<新员工期望问卷>,并考察了新员工期望的结构特点.研究结果表明:①新员工期望包含四个平行的组成部分:企业期望(包括企业发展和企业回报)、团队期望(包括团队人际关系和团队领导力)、工作期单(包括工作舒服、回报和责任)和自我角色表现期望(包括工作角色、职业角色、团队角色、企业角色和创新角色).②<新员工期望问卷>有良好的结构效度和信度.③不同内容的新员工期望在人口学变量上存在差异.本研究为进一步研究新员工期望与适应的关系奠定了基础.     

大学生学业成败归因特点与自尊的关系

为考察大学生学业成败归因与内隐自尊、外显自尊间的关系,对74名大学生进行内隐联想测验(IAT),并要求其完成Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)及学业成败归因量表(MMCS).统计分析表明: (1)内隐自尊与外显自尊相关不显著; (2)当学业成功时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为自己的能力,而外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为努力、情境和运气; (3)当学业失败时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归于情境,而内隐自尊水平低的大学生倾向于将失败归为个人能力不足;同时外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归为情境和运气,而外显自尊水平低的大学生更倾向于将失败归为个人努力不够.     

攻击行为实验研究范式的回顾与展望

本文对攻击行为的经典实验研究范式——攻击机器法、文章评价法、竞争性反应比赛、减点——攻击测验、Bobo模仿范式等进行了回顾,并介绍了最新的研究范式--辣酱分配法、糟糕程序法、实验室涂鸦法等,最后对已有范式进行了总结与展望。     

我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性分析

本文基于2000年全国0 95‰人口普查数据和2005年上海1%人口抽样调查资料,运用logstic回归分析等定量方法,就我国独生子女群体的婚姻稳定性进行了初步的分析.本文认为,独生子女总体的婚姻较为稳定,但与非独生子女群体相比,独生子女尤其是第一代低龄独生女性婚姻不稳定的比例较高;独生子女的婚姻稳定程度与就业状况、受教育程度等个人特征密切相关,与父母婚姻的稳定性等家庭背景也有一定的联系.