慢性应激对大鼠海马Akt/FKHRL1信号通路活性的影响

探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马Akt/FKHRL1信号通路活性的影响,及其应激源特异性。将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为心理应激组、束缚应激组和正常对照组（n=8）。用Western-blotting方法测定28天应激后海马Akt、FKHRL1蛋白含量及其磷酸化水平。结果表明,应激后三组大鼠海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1含量差异有统计学意义（p < 0.01;p < 0.001）,束缚应激组低于正常对照组（p < 0.01）。提示慢性应激能导致海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1表达水平降低,但其影响程度与应激源特异性有关     

空间书写障碍的个案研究

根据书写加工理论,从异形字水平、图解动作模式水平和神经动作执行水平三个方面,综合考察一例空间书写障碍儿童的认知加工特点。结果表明：（1）个案QY的异形字水平出现选择性损伤,在视觉整体特征的知觉加工上存在困难,导致自发书写的汉字难以辨识,存在严重的间架结构问题。（2）个案QY在图解动作模式水平以及神经动作执行水平上表现正常     

The effect of information overlap on communication effectiveness

It makes sense that the more information people share, the better they communicate. To evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap on the effectiveness of communication, participants played a communication game where the "director" identified objects to the "addressee". Pairs either shared information about most objects' names (high overlap), or about the minority of objects' names (low overlap). We found that high-overlap directors tended to use more names than low overlap directors. High overlap directors also used more names with objects whose names only they knew, thereby confusing their addressees more often than low-overlap directors. We conclude that while sharing more knowledge can be beneficial to communication overall, it can cause communication to be locally ineffective. Sharing more information reduces communication effectiveness precisely when there is an opportunity to inform-when people communicate information only they themselves know.     

情境模型的实质：命题符号与知觉符号之争

阅读理解中情境模型的建构是当今阅读研究的热点。传统命题符号理论认为情境模型是组相关命题,是非模式符号系统;随着知识表征理论的发展,知觉符号理论认为情境模型的建构包括模式符号系统,即含有知觉符号。文章对比了两种理论对情境模型的不同解释,并介绍了相关的实证研究,最后对未来验证两种理论的研究方向进行了展望。     

团队共享心智模型的影响因素与效果

采用两种测量方法对团队共享心智模型的影响因素与影响效果进行探讨。多元回归和层次回归分析的结果表明,团队成员沟通得越好,就越有利于形成共享心智模型;如果团队中存在搭便车的行为越严重,就越不利于形成共享心智模型;共享心智模型有利于团队有效运作,取得好的绩效;有共享心智模型的团队,成员的满意度比较高,群体效能感较高,并且团队成员之间的密切关系会延续到工作之外;共享心智模型在团队运行过程变量和团队有效性之间起到中介作用。     

中学生知识学习观研究

采用自编的《中学生知识学习观量表》,探讨了中学生知识学习观的现状和特点。结果表明:(1)中学生的知识学习观在总体上还是建设性的;(2)不同性别、文理科学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著差异;(3)初中生的知识学习观比高中生的知识学习观更具建构性;(4)不同成绩水平的学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著的差异,知识学习过程观、知识价值观、知识学习态度观是中学生学习成绩的有效预测变量。     

Olfaction is a Marker of Severity but Not Diagnosis in Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neuropsychology Review - Researchers have examined if olfaction is a sensitive biomarker of anorexia nervosa, but considerable heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus....     

漫谈西方学术界的伊斯兰教法学研究

伊斯兰教法是以宗教名义制定的制约信仰者日常生活的行为规范。教法学研究不仅受到东方穆斯林学者的重视,近百年来也成为西方学术界伊斯兰教研究关注的重要领域之一。本文在以往研究的基础上,就近代以来西方学者在伊斯兰教法学研究方面所取得的成果、提出的理论观点、学术价值以及在方法论方面与东方穆斯林学者的异同做了较为系统的论述。本文认为,由于世界观、人生观、价值观等方面的差异,欧美西方学者关于教法传统的研究和著述,有其长处和短处,但其学术价值已然得到中外学术界的广泛赞赏和肯定。在改革开放的大环境下,宗教研究应当吸纳、借鉴一切有益的学术研究成果。     

No need for pedestals: Idealization does not predict better relationships among Asians

The authors tested whether partner idealization was positively associated with relationship quality among 105 intraracially dating Asian American couples (Study 1) and 98 Chinese couples (Study 2) through two methods. The commonly used residual‐based approach found, in both samples, the positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality previously documented among European/European Americans. In contrast, the piece‐wise regression analysis, which distinguished between idealization and derogation, found few positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality. Similarly, being the object of idealization rarely predicted greater relationship quality for either sample, even when perceived idealization was tested. Derogation, however, predicted relationship outcomes. Therefore, future studies should focus on negative behaviors or attitudes (or the lack thereof) in understanding relationship outcomes.     

Actor–Partner Interdependence of Compassion toward Others with Qualities of Marital Relationship and Parent–Child Relationships in Chinese Families

Considering the nature of compassion and cultural and times characteristics of Chinese families, individuals' general dispositional compassion toward others may have potential benefits for relationship qualities in Chinese families. In this study, we explored how men's and women's compassion related to their own (actor effects) and the partners' (partner effects) marital relationship and parent–child relationships, respectively, using the Actor–Partner Interdependent Model. Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 534 Chinese heterosexual married couples (females' mean age = 37.20, SD = 4.28; males' mean age = 40.29, SD = 5.39) whose biological children were pupils (mean age = 9.28, SD = 1.11). Results revealed that: (a) within marital relationships, couple members' actor effects and partner effects were found both significant; but (b) within parent–child relationships, couple members' actor effects were significant, whereas only mothers' partner effect of compassion on father–child relationship was significant. These findings support the benefits of couple members' individual compassion with respect to family relationship quality in contemporary China. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.