Stroop interference: Hemispheric difference in Chinese speakers

Some recent studies have demonstrated that the processing of color is favored by the nondominant hemisphere in English-speaking subjects. Single Chinese logographs in Japanese- as well as Chinese-speaking subjects are similarly favored. In the present study, it was hypothesized that more Stroop interference would occur in the nondominant hemisphere because the two processes involved in the Stroop effect (i.e., reading logographs and naming colors) are possibly localized in that hemisphere in Chinese-speaking subjects. Eighteen right-handed Chinese-English bilinguals were used as subjects. There were three conditions in each visual field: Interference, reading, and naming. Each slide was presented for 150 msec preceded by a fixation dot. Subjects were asked to verbally report as fast and as accurately as possible either the color words or the color names, depending upon the condition. Reaction times and error rates were analyzed. As expected, more Stroop interference was obtained when color words were presented in the left visual field. This result is in direct contrast with that of Y-C. Tsao, T. Feustel, and C. Soseos 1979, Brain and Language, 8, 367–371. In that study, more Stroop interference was obtained when the materials were presented in the right visual field in English-speaking subjects.     

50—90岁成人的短时记忆研究

本工作研究了102例50—90岁成人的短时记忆,其中85例进行了较详细的体格检查。以22例20—25岁青年的记忆检查作为对照,结果看到: 1.在图片自由回忆、逻辑故事识记、数字广度识记三个项目上,记忆都有随年龄增长而逐步减退的明显趋势; 2.识记逻辑故事时,对中心意义的记忆减退较分节记忆减退缓慢,顺背数字的记忆广度随年龄增长而减小较其他项目都要缓慢,表明老年记忆减退有其特点; 3.神经系统和心血管系统的病理性或老年性变化与记忆减退有关。     

分心对记忆影响的年龄差异研究

本文研究了分心对老年人和青年人的记忆影响的年龄差异。分心条件是在判断简单算术题正误的同时,识记指向记忆和故事。结果:1.在上述分心条件下,老年组记忆作业受损比青年人更为严重;分心扩大了记忆的年龄差异。2.相对分心消耗值显然受刺激条件的影响,属片断记忆的故事分节分,分心消耗最大,类似语义记忆的故事意义分,分心消耗最小,介乎两者之间的指向记忆分,分心消耗居中。3.分心对上述记忆的影响有适应现象,两组的第二次分心测试成绩均较第一次进步。     

神经症患者MMPI模式特点的研究

本研究总结了1112例神经症患者MMPI测查结果,探讨了神经症患者MMPI的模式特点。研究结果表明,本症患者除K、Mf-f分外其余量表原始分均显著高于常模。以中国T分60为界,大部分神经症患者都表现在1、2、3、7量表上升高,两点编码模式为12/21、13/31、23/32或27/72型。其基本符合率和完全符合率在70％以上。本文还探讨了神经症各型的编码特点,它与临床表现相符。故作者认为MMPI对神经症患者的心理状态和心理特征评定和描述,可为本症的诊断和心理治疗提供较为客观的依据。     

窗口形状对视觉局域运动知觉的影响

根据人类视觉运动中小孔问题(Aperture Problem)的观点,如果通过小孔观察一个运动的光栅,那么人类视觉系统能够检测的唯一运动只有光栅的法向运动分量。本文设计了一系列不同形状的窗口,研究窗口内视觉系统的局域运动知觉。研究结果表明,窗口内视觉系统的局域运动知觉,包括主观运动方向和速度大小,取决于窗口的形状及光栅的朝向。传统的小孔问题的观点显然是片面的。     

Startle reflex inhibition in the rat: its persistence after extended repetition of the inhibitory stimulus

Startle reflexes to intense sound bursts are inhibited by weak stimuli that briefly precede their elicitation. In three experiments the startle stimulus (a 110-dB SPL tone burst) was presented 100 ms after the final link in a train of stimuli, the length of the train varying from 1 to 1,000, its repetition rate varying from 1 per s to 10 per s, and its constituents being 40 dB or 50 dB white noise bursts of 25 ms duration. Inhibition was invariant across train length and repetition rate. In a final experiment the startle stimulus was presented a variable interval after the final link, from 40 ms to 1280 ms, with 1 or 100 noise bursts (50 dB) in the train. Inhibition developed more rapidly following the last member of the 100-stimulus train, suggestive of a "priming" or sensitization effect of stimulus repetition, but its overall strength and subsequent rate of decay were not different in the two conditions. The general persistence of inhibition following these extended series of stimuli reveals that reflex inhibition must be the outcome of a fixed and obligatory process associated with sensory input.     

动物在学习时海马与皮层的电活动变化

从实验动物材料和人的临床研究早已提出颞叶,特别是它的深部核团和结构——杏仁核和海马,对情绪和行为的控制起重要作用。廿多年来已广泛地研究了海马的θ节律和其他电活动,提出了一些与行为相关的海马电活动理论。有人认为,海马的慢同步活     

幼儿口头言语发展的调查研究 1.幼儿简单陈述句句法结构发展的初步分析

前 言 言语发展是心理发展的重要组成部分,而汉语的组织体系和结构又不同于其他语言,研究我国儿童言语发展的特点和规律,对指导幼儿语言教学实践和探讨语言发展理论问题都具有极为重要的意义。然而,我国在这方面做的工作还很少,因此,我们于1978年以幼儿口语中句法结构的发展为重点进行了初步调查。本文是调查报告之一,只就幼儿言语     

初中学业不良学生习得性无能研究

采用两个２×２实验设计,研究强化方式、成就状况和任务类型对初中学业不良学生习得性无能倾向的影响二结果表明：外部奖赏不能提高成功组学生的内在动机,反而增加挫折组学生的无力感与挫折感;操作作业的成败对学生习得性无能倾向影响不明显,而数学作业的成败的影响则非常显著;学生在操作作业中的内在动机明显高于其在数学作业中的内在动机。     

青年人和老年人的元记忆与记忆能力关系的比较研究

采用自编“元记忆简短问卷”和“成人元记忆问卷”,对９０例被试（分为青年、老年和老老年组）进行元记忆及其与记忆关系的比较研究。结果表明：（１）预测记词对数和记图数随增龄而减少,年龄差异明显。评估准确性未显示年龄差异。训练后,预测成绩明显提高,但评估准确性未见提高。测后自评与预测情况相似,但其准确性高于预测,元记忆可能通过记忆过程而有提高;（２）自信程度和使用方法数均随增龄而减少,可能这是影响记忆成绩的重要因素;（３）联想学习和图象自由回忆成绩均与“元记忆简短问卷”和“成人元记忆问卷”的各项自评有不同程度的相关,表明元记忆与记忆关系密切。