中学生知识学习观研究

采用自编的《中学生知识学习观量表》,探讨了中学生知识学习观的现状和特点。结果表明:(1)中学生的知识学习观在总体上还是建设性的;(2)不同性别、文理科学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著差异;(3)初中生的知识学习观比高中生的知识学习观更具建构性;(4)不同成绩水平的学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著的差异,知识学习过程观、知识价值观、知识学习态度观是中学生学习成绩的有效预测变量。     

Olfaction is a Marker of Severity but Not Diagnosis in Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neuropsychology Review - Researchers have examined if olfaction is a sensitive biomarker of anorexia nervosa, but considerable heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus....     

漫谈西方学术界的伊斯兰教法学研究

伊斯兰教法是以宗教名义制定的制约信仰者日常生活的行为规范。教法学研究不仅受到东方穆斯林学者的重视,近百年来也成为西方学术界伊斯兰教研究关注的重要领域之一。本文在以往研究的基础上,就近代以来西方学者在伊斯兰教法学研究方面所取得的成果、提出的理论观点、学术价值以及在方法论方面与东方穆斯林学者的异同做了较为系统的论述。本文认为,由于世界观、人生观、价值观等方面的差异,欧美西方学者关于教法传统的研究和著述,有其长处和短处,但其学术价值已然得到中外学术界的广泛赞赏和肯定。在改革开放的大环境下,宗教研究应当吸纳、借鉴一切有益的学术研究成果。     

No need for pedestals: Idealization does not predict better relationships among Asians

The authors tested whether partner idealization was positively associated with relationship quality among 105 intraracially dating Asian American couples (Study 1) and 98 Chinese couples (Study 2) through two methods. The commonly used residual‐based approach found, in both samples, the positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality previously documented among European/European Americans. In contrast, the piece‐wise regression analysis, which distinguished between idealization and derogation, found few positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality. Similarly, being the object of idealization rarely predicted greater relationship quality for either sample, even when perceived idealization was tested. Derogation, however, predicted relationship outcomes. Therefore, future studies should focus on negative behaviors or attitudes (or the lack thereof) in understanding relationship outcomes.     

Actor–Partner Interdependence of Compassion toward Others with Qualities of Marital Relationship and Parent–Child Relationships in Chinese Families

Considering the nature of compassion and cultural and times characteristics of Chinese families, individuals' general dispositional compassion toward others may have potential benefits for relationship qualities in Chinese families. In this study, we explored how men's and women's compassion related to their own (actor effects) and the partners' (partner effects) marital relationship and parent–child relationships, respectively, using the Actor–Partner Interdependent Model. Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 534 Chinese heterosexual married couples (females' mean age = 37.20, SD = 4.28; males' mean age = 40.29, SD = 5.39) whose biological children were pupils (mean age = 9.28, SD = 1.11). Results revealed that: (a) within marital relationships, couple members' actor effects and partner effects were found both significant; but (b) within parent–child relationships, couple members' actor effects were significant, whereas only mothers' partner effect of compassion on father–child relationship was significant. These findings support the benefits of couple members' individual compassion with respect to family relationship quality in contemporary China. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.     

群体关系与问责对信息共享意愿及谈判行为的影响研究

本研究就国人的群体关系与问责对谈判者行为及信息共享意愿进行考察,试图探讨文化对谈判者的影响。通过对128名在校大学生的模拟谈判实验,发现谈判者在群内谈判比在群际谈判时有更高的信息共享意愿和更少的强硬行为,群体关系和问责对信息共享意愿及主观利益冲突有交互效应。具体而言,高度问责时,谈判者在群内谈判比群际谈判时有更多的信息共享意愿;低度问责时,谈判者在群内谈判比群际谈判时有更少的主观利益冲突。     

伦理学的历史感、时代性和开放性——马克思主义理论研究和建设工程《伦理学》教材编写课题组专家咨询会综述

马克思主义理论研究和建设工程<伦理学>教材编写课题组自2008年7月成立以来,已四月有余.四个多月以来,课题组成员在对伦理学的一些基本理论问题进行充分探讨并达成基本共识的基础上,按照教材编写的知识规范性暨完备性、学理逻辑性和学术科学性之基本要求,明确了提纲由三大板块,即基本理论、规范体系、道德实践构成,包括"导论"和十四章具体内容.     

心理学的繁荣与国家政策的影响

国家政策是国家在一定历史时期根据社会发展所做出的一系列的方针政策,它可以反映一个国家的意识形态,同时也影响着这一时期学术思想的倾向。通过考察心理学在美国临床心理学、社区心理学、教育心理学和经济心理学领域的形成和发展,探讨了国家政策对心理学发展的深远影响。当前的社会发展对心理学的需求越来越高,这对心理学的发展是一个很好的机遇,国家政策的支持将促进心理学的飞跃和发展。     

Parental Exposure to Mass Violence and Child Mental Health: The First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study

Children’s reactions after being exposed to mass violence may be influenced by a spectrum of factors. Relatively unexplored is the extent to which family exposure to mass violence may affect child mental health, even when these children have not been directly exposed. In a representative sample of NYC public school children assessed 6 months after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), seemingly elevated rates of psychopathology were recorded among children of WTC evacuees. Children of NYC First Responders (police officers, EMTs, and fire fighters) displayed a complex pattern of response to the WTC attack. Overall, the findings from this previous study support putative transmission of trauma to children whose parents were exposed to the WTC attack. The “Children of First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study”—a two-site longitudinal study—is currently underway in the United States (New York City) and in Israel (Tel Aviv area) in an effort to understand the impact of different patterns of mass violence. The NYC sample permits us to examine the impact of a rare instance of mass violence (e.g., WTC attack), while the Israeli sample provides information about repeated and frequent exposure to mass violence brought about by acts of terrorism. In addition, children’s exposure to mass violence is considered in the context of their exposure to other potentially traumatic events. This study aims to improve our general understanding of the impact of mass violence on children, especially the psychological effects on children whose parents’ work experiences are by nature stressful. Knowledge generated by this study has implications for guiding efforts to meet the needs of children who have, directly or through a family member, been subjected to rare or infrequent mass violent event as well as to children whose exposure to mass violence is part of daily life.     

Young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving

This paper presents a survey investigating young driving learners’ intention to use a handheld or hands-free mobile phone when driving. A sample of 164 young driving learners completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which measured people’s intentions to use mobile phone while driving in handheld condition or hands-free condition, along with their attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control. The regression analysis models revealed that the TPB was able to explain 43% and 48% variance in hands-free mobile phone use intention and handheld mobile phone use intention, respectively, with perceived behavioral control emerging as the strongest predictor. In addition, TPB components, usage frequency and perceived risk were more dependent on gender than age. These results have several theoretical and practical implications. In particular, interventions should emphasize on the risk of hands-free mobile phone use when driving for young drivers, especially for young male drivers.