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921.
Wu AM 《Psychology, health & medicine》2008,13(1):48-54
Since family permission is necessary for organ procurement to occur in China, family discussions about posthumous organ donation are crucial for increasing the actual organ donation and transplant rate. However, this study found that among 298 Chinese young adults, most of them (88%) were reluctant to talk about organ donation with their families. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study investigated communication within families about organ donation. Psychological factors included intention, attitude, subjective norm, death anxiety, and knowledge. As expected, the subjective norm was more powerful than attitude in explaining family discussions among Chinese people. Death anxiety, but not misconception, also significantly lowered the likelihood of family discussion. It is concluded that future campaigns for lessening death anxiety and promoting the social norm for organ donation must be conducted in Chinese societies, in order to encourage family discussions and improve the donation rate. 相似文献
922.
Wu KC 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2008,8(5):28-30; discussion W1-3
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人性不止自然属性和社会属性两个层面,还包括介于两者之间而相对不变的"人的本性".因此,人性是一个包含三个层次的结构体人的本能、人的本性和人的本质.现实的政治实践应主要以前两个层次为依据,以此为基础的政治实践将能够比较顺利地实现其预定的目标.相反,如果一厢情愿地固持一种理想主义的政治理念,将不仅实现不了这种理想主义,甚至可能适得其反."文化大革命"改造人性的失败试验就是一个不该被忘记的教训. 相似文献
926.
Age differences in the prevalence of physical aggression among 5-11-year-old Canadian boys and girls
It has been proven extremely difficult in the past to estimate the prevalence of physical aggression in children for two main reasons: (a) a heterogeneous sampling of behaviors (i.e., mix between physically aggressive and non-physically aggressive antisocial behaviors), and (b) a lack of a "gold standard" to identify children who exhibit physically aggressive behaviors on a frequent basis. The goal of this study was to test for age differences in the prevalence of physical aggression in the Canadian population of school-aged boys and girls, using cross-sectional data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). The first wave of the NLSCY included a representative sample of 12,292 Canadian children aged 5-11 years. We used latent class analysis to identify children whose propensity to exhibit physically aggressive behaviors was much higher than that of other children of the same age and sex in the population. The prevalence of physical aggression was estimated at 3.7% in 5-11-year-old boys and ranged from .5% to 2.3% in 11 and 5-year-old girls, respectively. Hence, the results show a decreasing trend in the prevalence of physical aggression with age for girls, but not for boys. These findings suggest the importance of considering the developmental pathways of physical aggression for boys and girls separately. 相似文献
927.
Three studies show that negotiators consistently underestimate the size of the bargaining zone in distributive negotiations (the small-pie bias) and, by implication, overestimate the share of the surplus they claim (the large-slice bias). The authors explain the results by asymmetric disconfirmation: Negotiators with initial estimates of their counterpart's reservation price that are "inside" the bargaining zone tend to behave consistently with these estimates, which become self-fulfilling, whereas negotiators with initial "outside" estimates revise their perceptions in the face of strong disconfirming evidence. Asymmetric disconfirmation can produce a population-level bias, even when initial perceptions are accurate on average. The authors suggest that asymmetric disconfirmation has implications for confirmation bias and self-fulfilling-prophecy research in social perception. 相似文献
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It makes sense that the more information people share, the better they communicate. To evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap on the effectiveness of communication, participants played a communication game where the "director" identified objects to the "addressee". Pairs either shared information about most objects' names (high overlap), or about the minority of objects' names (low overlap). We found that high-overlap directors tended to use more names than low overlap directors. High overlap directors also used more names with objects whose names only they knew, thereby confusing their addressees more often than low-overlap directors. We conclude that while sharing more knowledge can be beneficial to communication overall, it can cause communication to be locally ineffective. Sharing more information reduces communication effectiveness precisely when there is an opportunity to inform-when people communicate information only they themselves know. 相似文献
930.
探讨慢性应激对大鼠海马Akt/FKHRL1信号通路活性的影响,及其应激源特异性。将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为心理应激组、束缚应激组和正常对照组(n=8)。用Western-blotting方法测定28天应激后海马Akt、FKHRL1蛋白含量及其磷酸化水平。结果表明,应激后三组大鼠海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1含量差异有统计学意义(p < 0.01;p < 0.001),束缚应激组低于正常对照组(p < 0.01)。提示慢性应激能导致海马磷酸化Akt、FKHRL1表达水平降低,但其影响程度与应激源特异性有关 相似文献