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921.
Gary N. Burns Megan B. Morris Corinne P. Wright 《Journal of business and psychology》2014,29(1):47-60
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the criterion validity of conceptual interactions between the Big Five traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability to the statistical interactions between these traits. For illustration purposes we focus on linking these interactions to counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs).Design/Methodology/Approach
Data for Study 1 was obtained from 196 employed students and focuses on the interaction between agreeableness and conscientiousness. Data for Study 2 was obtained from 220 employees and expanded the interaction space examined to include emotional stability.Findings
All of the circumplex traits representing conceptual interactions were related to CWBs but only the traits most closely associated with conscientiousness showed incremental validity beyond their associated Big Five traits. Dominance analysis highlights increased concurrent validity of the circumplex traits compared to the Big Five statistical interactions in relation to CWBs.Implications
Understanding the unique circumplex blends of the Big Five traits offers opportunities to enhance the criterion validity of Big Five measures. Results question the similarity between the AB5C circumplex traits and Big Five interactions, with their contributions appearing to be unique but their justification drastically different.Originality/Value
The validity of the AB5C circumplex traits are relatively unknown. The current results expand this knowledge and directly compare the circumplex traits to interaction terms between agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. 相似文献922.
Wessel Reijers David Wright Philip Brey Karsten Weber Rowena Rodrigues Declan O’Sullivan Bert Gordijn 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(5):1437-1481
This paper provides a systematic literature review, analysis and discussion of methods that are proposed to practise ethics in research and innovation (R&I). Ethical considerations concerning the impacts of R&I are increasingly important, due to the quickening pace of technological innovation and the ubiquitous use of the outcomes of R&I processes in society. For this reason, several methods for practising ethics have been developed in different fields of R&I. The paper first of all presents a systematic search of academic sources that present and discuss such methods. Secondly, it provides a categorisation of these methods according to three main kinds: (1) ex ante methods, dealing with emerging technologies, (2) intra methods, dealing with technology design, and (3) ex post methods, dealing with ethical analysis of existing technologies. Thirdly, it discusses the methods by considering problems in the way they deal with the uncertainty of technological change, ethical technology design, the identification, analysis and resolving of ethical impacts of technologies and stakeholder participation. The results and discussion of our literature review are valuable for gaining an overview of the state of the art and serve as an outline of a future research agenda of methods for practising ethics in R&I. 相似文献
923.
Many perceptual abilities differ between the sexes. Because these sex differences have been documented almost exclusively in adults, they have been attributed to sex‐specific neural circuitry that emerges during development and is maintained in the mature perceptual system. To investigate whether behavioral sex differences in perception can also have other origins, we compared performance between males and females ranging in age from 8 to 30 years on auditory temporal‐interval discrimination and tone‐in‐noise detection tasks on which there are no sex differences in adults. If sex differences in perception arise only from the establishment and subsequent maintenance of sex‐specific neural circuitry, there should be no sex differences during development on these tasks. In contrast, sex differences emerged in adolescence but resolved by adulthood on two of the six conditions, with signs of a similar pattern on a third condition. In each case, males reached mature performance earlier than females, resulting in a sex difference in the interim. These results suggest that sex differences in perception may arise from differences in the maturational timing of common circuitry used by both sexes. They also imply that sex differences in perceptual abilities may be more prevalent than previously thought based on adult data alone. 相似文献
924.
Bradley R. E. Wright 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2018,57(2):193-205
Field experiments offer powerful tests of causality in real‐world settings. They have high validity—both internal and external—and require smaller inferential leaps than observational or laboratory methods. Nonetheless, they are rarely applied to religion. This article advocates for the frequent use of field experiments in the study of religion. It reviews their methodological advantages, and it identifies various ways that religion can be incorporated into a field experiment design. It proposes multiple strategies for creating feasible, ethical religion field experiments as well as optimizing them. Ultimately, field experiments have the potential to transform the study of religion. 相似文献
925.
926.
Sasha Rudenstine Laurel Wright Aura-Maria Morales MA Steven Tuber 《Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy》2018,17(4):346-363
ABSTRACTPsychotherapy integration requires us to look beyond the confines of a particular theoretical or technical approach towards other perspectives. Integrative work with children, in particular, meets the socio-emotional needs of the child while simultaneously modeling behaviors and skills. This paper presents an explicitly integrative approach to child group psychotherapy: Relationships. Individuals. Skills. Engagement (RISE) Group. We begin with an in-depth discussion of the RISE group structure illustrated by clinical examples (the “what”) followed by a review of the theory and treatment modalities that inform the approach (the “why” and “how”). The RISE group is grounded in two theoretical perspectives (psychoanalytic principles and ego psychology) and draws upon clinical techniques from multiple treatment modalities (including cognitive behavior therapy, psychodynamic play therapy and dialectical behavior therapy). Combined, the merger of these perspectives results in a multilevel intervention that forges pathways to mastery and competence within the child. Finally, we discuss the value and limitations of integration as applied to group psychotherapy for children. 相似文献
927.
Continuous measurement systems provide a means of measuring dynamic behavioral and experiential processes as they play out over time. DARMA is a modernized continuous measurement system that synchronizes media playback and the continuous recording of two-dimensional measurements. These measurements can be observational or self-reported and are provided in real-time through the manipulation of a computer joystick. DARMA also provides tools for reviewing and comparing collected measurements and for customizing various settings. DARMA is a domain-independent software tool that was designed to aid researchers who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of behavior and experience. It is especially well-suited to the study of affective and interpersonal processes, such as the perception and expression of emotional states and the communication of social signals. DARMA is open-source using the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is available for free download from http://darma.jmgirard.com. 相似文献
928.
Many researchers studying the effectiveness of working in groups have compared group performance with the scores of individuals
combined into nominal groups. Traditionally, methods for forming nominal groups have been shown to be poor, and more recent
procedures (Wright, 2007) are difficult to use for complex designs and are inflexible. A new procedure is introduced and tested
in which thousands of possible combinations of nominal groups are sampled. Sample characteristics, such as the mean, variance,
and distribution, of all these sets are calculated, and the set that is most representative of all of these sets is returned.
The user can choose among different ways of conceptualizing the meaning of most representative, but on the basis of simulations and the fact that most subsequent statistical procedures are based on the mean and variance,
we argue that finding the set with the mean and variance most similar to the means of the representative statistics for all
of the sets is the preferred approach. The algorithm is implemented in a stand-alone C++ executable program and as an R function.
Both of these allow anyone to use the procedures freely. 相似文献
929.
The goal of this research was to examine whether memories for actions can be affected by information reported by another person.
In two studies, pairs of participants performed 48 of a set of 96 actions. In Study 1, both members of the pairs performed
the same actions, and in Study 2, they performed different actions. One week later, the members of the pairs were questioned
together about whether they had or had not done all 96 actions. What one person reported greatly influenced what the other
person reported for both correct and incorrect responses. This influence was maintained when the participants were later tested
individually, and the participants described having pictorial memories for doing many of the actions that they had not done
but had merely been suggested. 相似文献
930.
People are more accurate at recognizing faces from their own ethnic group than at recognizing faces from other ethnic groups.
This other-ethnicity effect (OEE) in recognition may be produced by a deficit in recollective memory for other-ethnicity faces.
In a single study, White and Black participants saw White and Black faces presented within several different visual contexts.
The participants were then given an old/new recognition task. Old responses were followed by remember-know-guess judgments
and context judgments. Own-ethnicity faces were recognized more accurately, were given more remember responses, and produced
more accurate context judgments than did other-ethnicity faces. These results are discussed in a dual-process framework, and
implications for eyewitness memory are considered. 相似文献