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91.
Frederik Anseel Nico W. Van Yperen Onne Janssen Wouter Duyck 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2011,84(4):703-722
The aim of the current study is to shed new light on the inconsistent relationship between performance‐approach (PAp) goals and feedback reactions by examining feedback type as a moderator. Results of a field experiment (N = 939) using a web‐based work simulation task showed that the effect of achievement‐approach goals was moderated by feedback type. Relative to individuals pursuing mastery‐approach goals, individuals pursuing PAp goals responded more negatively to comparative feedback but not to task‐referenced feedback. In line with the hypothesized mediated moderation model, the interaction between achievement goals and feedback type also indirectly affected task performance through feedback reactions. Providing employees with feedback is a key psychological principle used in a wide range of human resource and performance management instruments (e.g., developmental assessment centres, multi‐source/360° feedback, training, selection, performance appraisal, management education, computer‐adaptive testing, and coaching). The current study suggests that organizations need to strike a balance between encouraging learning and encouraging performance, as too much emphasis on comparative performance (both in goal inducement and in feedback style) may be detrimental to employees' reactions and rate of performance improvement. 相似文献
92.
Zeguers MH Snellings P Tijms J Weeda WD Tamboer P Bexkens A Huizenga HM 《Developmental science》2011,14(6):1340-1354
The nature of word recognition difficulties in developmental dyslexia is still a topic of controversy. We investigated the contribution of phonological processing deficits and uncertainty to the word recognition difficulties of dyslexic children by mathematical diffusion modeling of visual and auditory lexical decision data. The first study showed that poor visual lexical decision performance of reading disabled children was mainly due to a delay in the evaluation of word characteristics, suggesting impaired phonological processing. The adoption of elevated certainty criteria by the disabled readers suggests that uncertainty contributed to the visual word recognition impairments as well. The second study replicated the outcomes for visual lexical decision with formally diagnosed dyslexic children. In addition, during auditory lexical decision, dyslexics presented with reduced accuracy, which also resulted from delayed evaluation of word characteristics. Since orthographic influences are diminished during auditory lexical decision, this strengthens the phonological processing deficit account. Dyslexic children did not adopt heightened certainty criteria during auditory lexical decision, indicating that uncertainty solely impairs reading and not listening. 相似文献
93.
Mirela Kahrimanovic Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest Astrid M.L. Kappers 《Acta psychologica》2010,134(3):385-390
The volume of common objects can be perceived visually, haptically or by a combination of both senses. The present study shows large effects of the object's shape on volume perception within all these modalities, with an average bias of 36%. In all conditions, the volume of a tetrahedron was overestimated compared to that of a cube or a sphere, and the volume of a cube was overestimated compared to that of a sphere. Additional analyses revealed that the biases could be explained by the dependence of the volume judgment on different geometric properties. During visual volume perception, the strategies depended on the objects that were compared and they were also subject-dependent. However, analysis of the haptic and bimodal data showed more consistent results and revealed that surface area of the stimuli influenced haptic as well as bimodal volume perception. This suggests that bimodal volume perception is more influenced by haptic input than by visual information. 相似文献
94.
We investigate the development of two types of prosocial behavior, trust and reciprocity, as defined using a game-theoretical task that allows investigation of real-time social interaction, among 4 age groups from 9 to 25 years. By manipulating the possible outcome alternatives, we could distinguish among important determinants of trust and reciprocity that are related to the risk and benefit of trusting. The results demonstrate age-related changes in sensitivity to outcome for others from late childhood until late adolescence, with different developmental trajectories for trust and reciprocity and differential sensitivity to risk and benefit for self and others. 相似文献
95.
Wouter Teepe 《Synthese》2006,149(2):409-443
This paper introduces and describes new protocols for proving knowledge of secrets without giving them away: if the verifier
does not know the secret, he does not learn it. This can all be done while only using one-way hash functions. If also the
use of encryption is allowed, these goals can be reached in a more efficient way. We extend and use the GNY authentication
logic to prove correctness of these protocols. 相似文献
96.
Glymour’s theory of bootstrap confirmation is a purely qualitative account of confirmation; it allows us to say that the evidence
confirms a given theory, but not that it confirms the theory to a certain degree. The present paper extends Glymour’s theory
to a quantitative account and investigates the resulting theory in some detail. It also considers the question how bootstrap
confirmation relates to justification. 相似文献
97.
Stephen G. Weinrach Albert Ellis Catharine MacLaren Raymond DiGiuseppe Ann Vernon Janet Wolfe Ruth Malkinson Wouter Backx 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2006,24(4):233-255
Eight experts in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) provided personal examples of their own successes and failures in
applying REBT to themselves. The experts actively talked to themselves both rationally and irrationally. Understandably, there
were far more shoulds, oughts, musts, and have to’s in the narratives in which the experts described when they failed to use
REBT than when they succeeded in using REBT. Rational self-talk was more prevalent in the examples of how REBT was successfully
used by the experts.
Reprinted from Journal of Counseling & Development, Summer 2001, Volume 79. ACA. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction authorized without written permission from
the American Counseling Association. 相似文献
98.
Wouter Duyck Timothy Desmet Lieven P. C. Verbeke Marc Brysbaert 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(3):488-499
WordGen is an easy-to-use program that uses the CELEX and Lexique lexical databases for word selection and nonword generation
in Dutch, English, German, and French. Items can be generated in these four languages, specifying any combination of seven
linguistic constraints: number of letters, neighborhood size, frequency, summated position-nonspecific bigram frequency, minimum
position-nonspecific bigram frequency, position-specific frequency of the initial and final bigram, and orthographic relatedness.
The program also has a module to calculate the respective values of these variables for items that have already been constructed,
either with the program or taken from earlier studies. Stimulus queries can be entered through WordGen’s graphical user interface
or by means of batch files. WordGen is especially useful for (1) Dutch and German item generation, because no such stimulus-selection
tool exists for these languages, (2) the generation of nonwords for all four languages, because our program has some important
advantages over previous nonword generation approaches, and (3) psycholinguistic experiments on bilingualism, because the
possibility of using the same tool for different languages increases the cross-linguistic comparability of the generated item
lists. WordGen is free and available athttp://expsy.ugent.be/wordgen.htm. 相似文献
99.
Using a masked phonological priming paradigm, Brysbaert, Van Dyck, and Van de Poel (1999) showed that Dutch-French bilinguals perform better at identifying tachistoscopically presented L2 words (e.g., oui [yes]) when those words are primed by L1 words or nonwords that are homophonic to the L2 target word according to the L1 grapheme-phoneme conversion rules (e.g., wie [who]). They noted that this priming effect was smaller for balanced bilinguals than for less proficient bilinguals, although the interaction failed to reach significance. Findings of Gollan, Forster, and Frost (1997) suggest that this could be attributed to a greater reliance on phonology in L2 reading, caused by a smaller proficiency in this language. However, in this study we show that the Dutch-French cross-lingual phonological priming effect is equally large for perfectly balanced and less proficient bilinguals. Our findings are in line with more recent work of Van Wijnendaele and Brysbaert (2002). 相似文献
100.