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排序方式: 共有107条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Christopher R. Bennett Jack M. Loomis Roberta L. Klatzky Nicholas A. Giudice 《Memory & cognition》2017,45(7):1240-1251
When walking without vision, people mentally keep track of the directions and distances of previously viewed objects, a process called spatial updating. The current experiment indicates that while people across a large age range are able to update multiple targets in memory without perceptual support, aging negatively affects accuracy, precision, and decision time. Participants (20 to 80 years of age) viewed one, three, or six targets (colored lights) on the floor of a dimly lit room. Then, without vision, they walked to a target designated by color, either directly or indirectly (via a forward turning point). The younger adults’ final stopping points were both accurate (near target) and precise (narrowly dispersed), but updating performance did degrade slightly with the number of targets. Older adults’ performance was consistently worse than the younger group, but the lack of interaction between age and memory load indicates that the effect of age on performance was not further exacerbated by a greater number of targets. The number of targets also significantly increased the latency required to turn toward the designated target for both age groups. Taken together, results extend previous work showing impressive updating performance by younger adults, with novel findings showing that older adults manifest small but consistent degradation of updating performance of multitarget arrays. 相似文献
52.
Several sensory modalities besides vision are available to people as they move through an environment, learning where things
are. For example, sensory information about linear and angular acceleration (i.e., inertial information) has been shown to
be useful for maintaining orientation in a room-sized space. Because noise in inertial systems can compound over time and
over extended travel, it is an open question whether inertial information is important for acquiring knowledge about large-scale
environments. We addressed this issue in an experiment in which people learned the spatial layout of a large environment under
conditions that varied in the degree to which valid inertial cues were available. The presence of valid inertial cues did
not facilitate the acquisition of an accurate memory of the environment. Moreover, the presence of invalid inertial cues did
not interfere with such acquisition. We conclude that the effect of inertial information on the acquisition of environmental
knowledge is minimal. 相似文献
53.
Bailenson JN Blascovich J Beall AC Loomis JM 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2003,29(7):819-833
Digital immersive virtual environment technology (IVET) enables behavioral scientists to conduct ecologically realistic experiments with near-perfect experimental control. The authors employed IVET to study the interpersonal distance maintained between participants and virtual humans. In Study 1, participants traversed a three-dimensional virtual room in which a virtual human stood. In Study 2, a virtual human approached participants. In both studies, participant gender, virtual human gender, virtual human gaze behavior, and whether virtual humans were allegedly controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or computers (i.e., agents) were varied. Results indicated that participants maintained greater distance from virtual humans when approaching their fronts compared to their backs. In addition, participants gave more personal space to virtual agents who engaged them in mutual gaze. Moreover, when virtual humans invaded their personal space, participants moved farthest from virtual human agents. The advantages and disadvantages of IVET for the study of human behavior are discussed. 相似文献
54.
Social Change: Toward an Informed and Critical Understanding of Social Justice and the Capabilities Approach in Community Psychology
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Felix Munger Tim MacLeod Colleen Loomis 《American journal of community psychology》2016,57(1-2):171-180
Community psychology has long been concerned with social justice. However, deployments of this term are often vague and undertheorized. To address this weakness in the field's knowledge body we explored John Rawls's theory of social justice and Amartya Sen's economic theory of the capabilities approach and evaluated each for its applicability to community psychology theory, research, and action. Our unpacking of the philosophical and political underpinnings of Rawlsian theory of social justice resulted in identifying characteristics that limit the theory's utility in community psychology, particularly in its implications for action. Our analysis of the capability approach proposed by Amartya Sen revealed a framework that operationalizes social justice in both research and action, and we elaborate on this point. Going beyond benefits to community psychology in adopting the capabilities approach, we posit a bi‐directional relationship and discuss how community psychology might also contribute to the capabilities approach. We conclude by suggesting that community psychology could benefit from a manifesto or proclamation that provides a historical background of social justice and critiques the focus on the economic, sociological, and philosophical theories that inform present‐day conceptualizations (and lack thereof) of social justice for community psychology. 相似文献
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56.
Thomas A Wills James D Sargent Mike Stoolmiller Frederick X Gibbons Keilah A Worth Sonya Dal Cin 《Health psychology》2007,26(6):769-776
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the effect of movie exposure to smoking on adolescent smoking onset is mediated through increased affiliation with peers who smoke. DESIGN: A longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 5th- 8th graders; persons who were nonsmokers at the baseline assessment (N = 2,614) were followed up 18 months later. Movie exposure to smoking cues was assessed at baseline with a rigorous coding procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A school-based survey and follow-up telephone interview determined whether the participant smoked cigarettes. RESULTS: Longitudinal structural modeling analysis indicated movie-smoking exposure was related to smoking onset both through an indirect effect involving increased affiliation with peer smokers and through a direct effect. The analysis controlled for demographics, parenting style, rebelliousness and sensation seeking, school performance, parental smoking, and sibling smoking; several of these variables also had mediated or direct effects to smoking onset. CONCLUSION: The effect of movie exposure on adolescent smoking onset is attributable in part to a social mechanism. Implications of media effects for prevention are discussed. 相似文献
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59.
Jack M. Loomis Roberta L. Klatzky Brendan McHugh Nicholas A. Giudice 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2012,74(6):1260-1267
Spatial working memory can maintain representations from vision, hearing, and touch, representations referred to here as spatial images. The present experiment addressed whether spatial images from vision and hearing that are simultaneously present within working memory retain modality-specific tags or are amodal. Observers were presented with short sequences of targets varying in angular direction, with the targets in a given sequence being all auditory, all visual, or a sequential mixture of the two. On two thirds of the trials, one of the locations was repeated, and observers had to respond as quickly as possible when detecting this repetition. Ancillary detection and localization tasks confirmed that the visual and auditory targets were perceptually comparable. Response latencies in the working memory task showed small but reliable costs in performance on trials involving a sequential mixture of auditory and visual targets, as compared with trials of pure vision or pure audition. These deficits were statistically reliable only for trials on which the modalities of the matching location switched from the penultimate to the final target in the sequence, indicating a switching cost. The switching cost for the pair in immediate succession means that the spatial images representing the target locations retain features of the visual or auditory representations from which they were derived. However, there was no reliable evidence of a performance cost for mixed modalities in the matching pair when the second of the two did not immediately follow the first, suggesting that more enduring spatial images in working memory may be amodal. 相似文献
60.
Woorth Loomis 《Reviews in Religion & Theology》2006,13(3):310-312
Book reviewed:
Mohawk Saint, Catherine Tekakwitha and the Jesuits , Allan Greer, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-19-517487-9), xiv + 249 pp., hb £18.50 相似文献
Mohawk Saint, Catherine Tekakwitha and the Jesuits , Allan Greer, Oxford University Press 2005 (0-19-517487-9), xiv + 249 pp., hb £18.50 相似文献