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951.
Is flashbulb memory a special instance of source memory? Evidence from older adults. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Flashbulb memories (FMs) are vivid, stable memories for the reception of arousing, consequential news. Although such memories have been found in people of all ages, in the only examination of age differences to date, Cohen, Conway, and Maylor (1994) reported that older adults were less likely than young adults to experience a FM. We hypothesised that FM would be impaired in older adults with reduced frontal lobe (FL) function. To test this hypothesis, we asked older adults, who had been characterised according to FL function, to recall details of the moment that they first heard the news about the deaths of Princess Diana and Mother Teresa. Long-term retention was tested 6 months later. Details concerning the reception of the news about Princess Diana's death were retained better than those associated with Mother Teresa's death. Importantly, there was no evidence that memory for these contextual details was related to FL function. A measure of medial temporal lobe function, derived from neuropsychological tests of episodic memory, was also not associated with memory for the reception events, although it was associated with memory for the details of an everyday autobiographical event. We speculated that emotionally arousing autobiographical memories may be qualitatively different from everyday memories and may involve the amygdala. 相似文献
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953.
Patrick Le Bihan David Esfandi Claude Pagès Sylvie Thébault Jean-Benoît Naudet 《Médecine & Droit》2009,2009(98-99):138-145
Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) propose a secure setting for patients with acute behavior disturbances who can not be managed in psychiatric general wards. Physical violence acts against patients or hospital staff, substance abuse, non-compliance for care and treatment, intensity of symptoms or absconding are frequent motives for admission. Patients are compulsorily detained in secure conditions. They are admitted from psychiatric facilities of a health area or by agreement between hospitals. Multidisciplinary working in psychiatric intensive care is essential, delivered by qualified staff. Care and treatment must be centered on the patient, multidisciplinary, intensive, comprehensive with an immediacy of response to critical situations. As length of stay should not exceed 2 months in duration, interface and liaison with original services of patients are important issues. In France, PICU exist notably at Cadillac, Lyon, Paris, Nice, Eygurande, Montpellier, Pau and Prémontré. These facilities appear as a missing level, an interesting alternative in mental health care system, between psychiatric general wards and maximum security hospitals. This paper reports the creation of a National Association of PICU in France, the existence of national minimum standards and international experiences. 相似文献
954.
Scientific Self-Regulation—So Good, How Can it Fail? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patrick L. Taylor 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(3):395-406
To be a functional alternative to government regulation, self-regulation of science must be credible to both scientists and
the public, accountable, ethical, and effective. According to some, serious problems continue in research ethics in the United
States despite a rich history of proposed self-regulatory standards and oversight devices. Successful efforts at self-regulation
in stem cell research contrast with unsuccessful efforts in research ethics, particularly conflicts of interest. Part of the
cause for a lack of success in self-regulation is fragmented, disconnected oversight, and failure to embody genuine scientific
and public consensus. To be accountable, credible and effective, self-regulation must be inclusive and multidisciplinary,
publicly engaged, sufficiently disinterested, operationally integrated with institutional goals, and must implement a genuine
consensus among scientists and the public. The mechanisms of self-regulation must be sufficiently broad in their oversight,
and interconnected with other institutional forces and actors, that they do not create fragmented solutions.
相似文献
Patrick L. TaylorEmail: |
955.
Patrick J. Sweeney Vaida Thompson Hart Blanton 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(1):235-264
Two studies tested an interdependence model of trust development and the links between trust and influence in the in extremis environment of combat, and a non-combat replication. Structural equation modeling was used to test the model. Results from both studies suggested that a modified interdependence model provided a plausible explanation for how leaders may earn subordinate trust, through fostering the establishment of cooperative interdependence and being perceived as credible. Credibility was demonstrated through both competence and good character, and organizational structures that were in place contributed to trust by encouraging leaders to behave cooperatively toward group members. Most importantly, the level of trust subordinates had in their leaders determined the amount of leader influence subordinates accepted. 相似文献
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Antonello da Messina’s Annunciation with the Blessèd Virgin sola breaks with iconic convention, so inviting new interpretations of the theme. The Rome exhibition of 2006 allowed one to compare
Antonello with van Eyck: Antonello seemed pre-modern. This review discusses three important essays on the Annunciation (see the last three keywords). All three perceptive essays raise theological and phenomenological issues directly related
to the almost unique iconic representation which Antonello gives us. 相似文献
959.
Patrick Greenough 《Synthese》2009,171(3):399-408
A number of serious problems are raised against Crispin Wright’s quandary conception of vagueness. Two alternative conceptions of the quandary view are proposed instead. The first conception retains Wright’s thesis that, for all one knows, a verdict concerning a borderline case constitutes knowledge. However a further problem is seen to beset this conception. The second conception, in response to this further problem, does not enjoin the thesis that, for all one knows, a verdict concerning a borderline case constitutes knowledge. The result is a much simpler and more plausible version of the quandary view. 相似文献
960.
Research considering the effect of Presidential speech making style shows individuals are likely to attend to and be emotionally
affected by the facial expressions of leaders, especially those that are inappropriate for the context. In this study we tested
how rapid and subtle expressions of facial affect (i.e., expressions of less than one-second, often termed micro-expressions)
in speeches by a political leader impacts participants’ emotional state. We do this by removing seven brief expressions (less
than one-second) from a nearly twelve minute televised speech by President George H. W. Bush concerning the 1990 commitment
of US military in response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. FACS coding identified all these expressions as containing a component
of smiling (lip corner puller: AU12), in some cases with the addition of other facial movements (sometimes associated with
anger and/or disgust). Experiments carried out on 206 university undergraduates showed emotional state was altered as a result
of these micro-expressions when the control (unaltered speech) and experimental group (micro-expressions removed from speech)
were compared. Specifically, participants who viewed the micro-expressions felt less threatened and less angry. Thus, facial
expression (even very brief micro-expressions) can have a significant impact on the receiver of a political speech.
相似文献
Patrick A. StewartEmail: |