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111.
Two studies investigated the role of beliefs about the acceptability of aggression (“normative beliefs”) against Jews in determining who would join an extremist group. In Study 1, students in a university in Pakistan (N=144) completed self‐report attitude measures, and were subsequently approached by a confederate who asked whether they wanted to join an extremist anti‐Semitic organization. Normative beliefs about aggression against Jews were very strong predictors of whether participants agreed to join. In Study 2, participants (N=92) were experimentally assigned to either a brief educational intervention, designed to improve inter‐group relations, or to a control group. They also filled in self‐report attitude measures pre and post intervention. Participants in the intervention group were much less likely to agree to join the extremist group, and this effect of the intervention on joining was mediated by changes in normative beliefs about aggression against Jews. The results have implications for theories of inter‐group aggression and interventions to prevent people from being recruited into extremist groups. Aggr. Behav. 35:514–519, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
112.
Teena Willoughby Eileen Wood Malinda Desjarlais Lindsay Williams Kim Leacy Lisa Sedore 《Sex roles》2009,61(11-12):864-878
This study assessed the quality of social interactions that occur in group-based computer learning contexts. Gender comparisons of interactions were examined across 3 sessions with 116 preschoolers (M age?=?4.9 years) and 108 fifth and sixth-grade (M age?=?11.7 years) Canadian children from southwestern Ontario, when children had access to one computer per child (parallel computer) or one computer per group (integrated computer), and when they worked with same-gender or mixed-gender peers. Preschoolers engaged in more collaborative behaviors in mixed-gender than same-gender groups, while elementary children engaged in collaborative behaviors more often in integrated than parallel computer conditions. In mixed-gender groups, boys were more likely than girls to dominate the computer in elementary school while girls were more likely than boys to dominate the computer in preschool. 相似文献
113.
Christos Pantelis Murat Yücel Emre Bora Alex Fornito Renée Testa Warrick J. Brewer Dennis Velakoulis Stephen J. Wood 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(3):385-398
In this review, we describe neuropsychological and brain imaging findings in the early stages of psychosis and schizophrenia.
We focus on recent clinical high-risk studies and consider whether the evidence supports these as ‘endophenotypes’ of a vulnerability
to the illness or as ‘biomarkers’ of illness onset and transition. The findings suggest that there are a number of processes
at psychosis onset that may represent biomarkers of incipient illness. These neurobiological indices particularly implicate
the integrity of frontal and temporal cortices, which may or may not be related to the genetics of psychosis (i.e. potential
‘endophenotypes’). However, these brain regions are dynamically changing during normal maturation, meaning that any putative
neurobiological markers identified at the earliest stages of illness may be relatively unstable. We suggest that, while such
measures may be readily identified as potential neurobiological markers of established illness, they are inconsistent at (or
around) the time of illness onset when assessed cross-sectionally. Instead, identification of more valid risk markers may
require longitudinal assessment to ascertain normal or abnormal trajectories of neurodevelopment. Accordingly, we assert that
the current conceptualisations of potential biomarkers and/or ‘endophenotypes’ for schizophrenia may need to be reconsidered
in the context of normal and abnormal brain maturational processes at the time of onset of psychotic disorders. 相似文献
114.
Many people tend to believe that natural categories have perfectly predictive defining features. They do not easily accept the family resemblance view that the features characteristic of a category are not individually sufficient to predict the category. However, common category-learning tasks do not produce this simpler-than-it-is belief. If there is no simple classification principle in a task, the participants know that fact and can report it. We argue that most category-learning tasks in which family resemblance categories are used fail to produce the everyday simpler-than-it-is belief because they encourage analysis of identification criteria during training. To simulate the learning occurring in many natural circumstances, we developed a procedure in which participants' analytic activity is diverted from the way in which the stimuli are identified to the use to which the stimuli will be put. Finally, we discuss the prevalence of this diverted analysis in everyday categorization. 相似文献
115.
Kathryn Wood Madden 《Journal of religion and health》2001,40(1):185-204
Spiritual direction, or the directed art of inner conversation, emerges from a psychological inflection in which we learn that radical inner otherness is the fuel of spirit. Spirit, manifesting between self and other incarnates through and in the subject, as well as through the other encountered as authentic subject. One individuates, then, by relating to the Self as a desiring subject. Moving in the direction of spirit, we push back dimension by dimension to get to one dimension. Eventually, we may encounter a numinous silence, an emptiness that is full. 相似文献
116.
Jeffrey A. Joireman Paul A. M. Van Lange Mark Van Vugt Amanda Wood Tricia Vander Leest Chris Lambert 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(3):504-526
The present field study examined commuters’(N= 152) willingness to fund improvements in public transit. Consistent with Samuelson's (1993; Samuelson & Messick, 1995) multiattribute evaluation model of structural change in social dilemmas, support for the transit plan was higher when it was perceived to be (a) effective at reducing congestion and pollution, (b) personally beneficial, and (c) fair in terms of taxes and benefits. Also consistent with predictions, these relationships were moderated by individual differences in social value orientation (MClintock, 1968) and the consideration of future consequences (CFC; Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger, & Edwards, 1994). Prosocials responded more to the perceived fairness of the plan, while proselfs responded more to the plan's effectiveness in reducing congestion. Low CFCs responded more to the plan's personal benefits and effectiveness in reducing congestion, while high CFCs responded more to the plan's effectiveness in reducing pollution. 相似文献
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119.
Allen W. Wood 《亚里斯多德学会增刊》1998,72(1):189-210
Kant's moral philosophy is grounded on the dignity of humanity as its sole fundamental value, and involves the claim that human beings are to be regarded as the ultimate end of nature. It might be thought that a theory of this kind would be incapable of grounding any conception of our relation to other living things or to the natural world which would value nonhuman creatures or respect humanity's natural environment. This paper criticizes Kant's argumentative strategy for dealing with our duties in regard to animals, but defends both his theory and most of his conclusions on these topics. 相似文献
120.