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101.
Jahng S Trull TJ Wood PK Tragesser SL Tomko R Grant JD Bucholz KK Sher KJ 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(3):656-669
Clinical and population-based samples show high comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Axis II Personality Disorders (PDs). However, Axis II disorders are frequently comorbid with each other, and existing research has generally failed to distinguish the extent to which SUD/PD comorbidity is general or specific with respect to both specific types of PDs and specific types of SUDs. We sought to determine whether ostensibly specific comorbid substance dependence-Axis II diagnoses (e.g., alcohol use dependence and borderline personality disorder) are reflective of more pervasive or general personality pathology or whether the comorbidity is specific to individual PDs. Face-to-face interview data from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were analyzed. Participants included 34,653 adults living in households in the United States. We used hierarchical factor models to statistically partition general and specific personality disorder dimensions while simultaneously testing for specific PD-substance dependence relations. Results indicated that substance dependence-Axis II comorbidity is characterized by general (pervasive) pathology and by Cluster B PD pathology over and above the relationship to the general PD factor. Further, these relations between PD factors and substance dependence diagnoses appeared to largely account for the comorbidity among substance dependence diagnoses in the younger but not older participants. Our findings suggest that a failure to consider the general PD factor, which we interpret as reflecting interpersonal dysfunction, can lead to potential mischaracterizations of the nature of certain PD and SUD comorbidities. 相似文献
102.
John Maltby Liza Day Poonam Gill Ann Colley Alex M. Wood 《Personality and individual differences》2008,45(7):655-660
The current study developed a multi-dimensional measure of beliefs around luck. Two studies introduced the Darke and Freedman beliefs around luck scale where the scale showed a consistent 4 component model (beliefs in luck, rejection of luck, being lucky, and being unlucky) across two samples (n = 250; n = 145). The scales also show adequate reliability statistics and validity by ways of comparison with other measures of beliefs around luck, peer and family ratings and expected associations with measures of personality, individual difference and well-being variables. 相似文献
103.
Allen Wood 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2008,63(1-3):7-24
‘Evidentialism’ is the conventional name (given mainly by its opponents) for the view that there is a moral duty to proportion
one’s beliefs to evidence, proof or other epistemic justifications for belief. This essay defends evidentialism against objections
based on the alleged involuntariness of belief, on the claim that evidentialism assumes a doubtful epistemology, that epistemically
unsupported beliefs can be beneficial, that there are significant classes of exceptions to the evidentialist principle, and
other shabby evasions and alibis (as I take them to be) for disregarding the duty to believe according to the evidence. Evidentialism
is also supported by arguments based on both self-regarding and other-regarding considerations. 相似文献
104.
Jennifer Stroh William Frankenberger La Vonne Cornell-Swanson Courtney Wood Stephanie Pahl 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(3):385-401
We examined parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and information sources regarding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
including treatment with stimulant medication and behavioral interventions. Responses from parents with a child diagnosed
with ADHD and parents without a child diagnosed with ADHD were also compared. Participants consisted of 146 parents of elementary
age children from Wisconsin. The surveyed parents were aware of issues surrounding ADHD and the use of stimulant medication,
but there were several areas where they possessed inaccurate or incomplete factual information. Parents who had a child diagnosed
with ADHD rated the effects of stimulant medication more positively and side effects as less severe than other parents. They
also rated behavioral interventions as less effective on all questions. Implications of the study are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Martin Wood 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》2008,23(3):337-353
Research of the Gujarati Hindu communities of the United Kingdom and New Zealand has uncovered an extraordinary diversity of belief concerning the miraculous consumption of devotional food offerings by murtis. Devotees of certain traditions have experienced these events first-hand, but many Hindus believe the process is more subtle. Others suggest that such claims are attempts to gain spiritual authority among Hindus in the diaspora, some dismiss them as simply fraudulent. This article examines the appetite of the divine and how it is understood and contested by various Gujarati Hindu traditions in the United Kingdom and in New Zealand. It will assess the significance of food miracles and how they strengthen ideas of religious identity and spiritual validity as well as their role creating a palpable tension between traditions as to who authoritatively represents Hinduism in the diaspora. 相似文献
106.
Allen Wood 《Topoi》2006,25(1-2):133-136
Philosophical thinking, in the historically original sense, is simply the human mind in operation, unaided by anything supernatural
and unfettered by any human authority or any procedure for reaching some pre-given end. This means that “philosophy” originally
included far more than it does now, including all the natural sciences, as well as rational reflection on society, history,
and art. What this means for us now is that philosophy must be an essentially outward-facing discipline, open to others. Most
importantly, it needs now to be open to the sciences, to practical social reflection, and to its own history. But what philosophy
brings to all its reflections is above all a spirit of critical reflection, respect for evidence and argument, and a ruthless
honesty that demands of people that they form their beliefs and views of life according to the best reasons and information
they have, rather than forming their views according to their wishes or prejudices, or letting them be dictated by authorities
or social traditions. In this sense, we are living in an unphilosophical, or even anti-philosophical, age, but this makes
it all the more important for philosophy to continue to do its work. 相似文献
107.
Christy Capone Mark D Wood Brian Borsari Robert D Laird 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2007,21(3):316-327
This study used latent growth curve modeling to investigate whether the effects of gender and Greek involvement on alcohol use and problems over the first 2 years of college are best characterized by selection, socialization, or reciprocal influence processes. Three social influences (alcohol offers, social modeling, and perceived norms) were examined as potential mediators of these effects. Undergraduate participants (N = 388) completed self-report measures prior to enrollment and in the spring of their freshmen and sophomore years. Male gender and involvement in the Greek system were associated with greater alcohol use and problems prior to college. Both gender and Greek involvement significantly predicted increases in alcohol use and problems over the first 2 years of college. Cross-domain analyses provided strong support for a mediational role of each of the social influence constructs on alcohol use and problems prior to matriculation, and prematriculation social modeling and alcohol offers mediated relations between Greek involvement and changes in alcohol use over time. Findings suggest that students, particularly men, who affiliate with Greek organizations constitute an at-risk group prior to entering college, suggesting the need for selected interventions with this population, which should take place before or during the pledging process. 相似文献
108.
109.
Sher KJ Bartholow BD Peuser K Erickson DJ Wood MD 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(2):362-377
The present study sought to characterize alcohol's stress-response-dampening (SRD) effects on multiple measures of stress and whether these effects are mediated by reductions in sustained attention and, further, whether baseline levels of sustained attention moderate SRD. One hundred six men consumed either an alcohol (0.70 g/kg) or a placebo beverage prior to learning that they would deliver a self-disclosing speech. Structural equation models controlling for multiple baseline periods indicated that alcohol directly reduced self-reported anxiety and skin conductance levels in response to the stressor. Alcohol's effect on reducing heart rate response, in contrast, was indirect and mediated by effects on prestress baseline. As hypothesized, differences in sustained attention partially mediated the effects of alcohol on skin conductance (but not heart rate or self-reported anxiety) and served as a moderator of alcohol's effects on skin conductance response. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical links among alcohol consumption, specific cognitive abilities, and stress reactivity. 相似文献
110.